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<div class="source">[1] 人体每天产生癌细胞的量化估计</div>
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<div class="source">[1] 人体每天产生癌细胞的量化估计</div>
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<div class="findings">正常人体每天约产生3,000-5,000个癌细胞——来源于DNA复制过程中的随机突变。免疫系统(NK细胞、细胞毒性T细胞)持续清除这些细胞。当免疫监视功能下降时,癌细胞得以存活和增殖。</div>
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<div class="findings">正常人体每天约产生3,000-5,000个癌细胞——来源于DNA复制过程中的随机突变。免疫系统(NK细胞、细胞毒性T细胞)持续清除这些细胞。当免疫监视功能下降时,癌细胞得以存活和增殖。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Alberts B et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6th edition. Garland Science 2014; Dunn GP et al. "Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape." Nature Immunology 2002.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Alberts B et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 6th edition. Garland Science 2014; Dunn GP et al. "Cancer immunoediting: from immunosurveillance to tumor escape." Nature Immunology 2002.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ni794" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[2] 免疫监视理论</div>
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<div class="source">[2] 免疫监视理论</div>
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<div class="findings">Burnet和Thomas在1950年代提出的免疫监视假说,现已被充分验证:免疫缺陷患者(器官移植后免疫抑制、HIV/AIDS)的癌症发病率是正常人群的5-100倍。</div>
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<div class="findings">Burnet和Thomas在1950年代提出的免疫监视假说,现已被充分验证:免疫缺陷患者(器官移植后免疫抑制、HIV/AIDS)的癌症发病率是正常人群的5-100倍。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Burnet FM. "The concept of immunological surveillance." Progress in Experimental Tumor Research 1970; Dunn GP et al. "The three Es of cancer immunoediting." Annual Review of Immunology 2004.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Burnet FM. "The concept of immunological surveillance." Progress in Experimental Tumor Research 1970; Dunn GP et al. "The three Es of cancer immunoediting." Annual Review of Immunology 2004.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.22.012803.044627" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[3] 手术/放化疗的局限性</div>
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<div class="source">[3] 手术/放化疗的局限性</div>
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<div class="findings">手术切除后5年局部复发率5-15%(视原发肿瘤类型和分期)。化疗导致严重肠黏膜炎(约40-60%患者出现),进一步损伤肠道屏障,加重LPS驱动的全身炎症。</div>
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<div class="findings">手术切除后5年局部复发率5-15%(视原发肿瘤类型和分期)。化疗导致严重肠黏膜炎(约40-60%患者出现),进一步损伤肠道屏障,加重LPS驱动的全身炎症。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Demaria S et al. "Combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a revived partnership." International Journal of Radiation Oncology 2016; Stein A et al. "Chemotherapy-induced mucositis." Supportive Care in Cancer 2015.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Demaria S et al. "Combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a revived partnership." International Journal of Radiation Oncology 2016; Stein A et al. "Chemotherapy-induced mucositis." Supportive Care in Cancer 2015.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.10.029" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[4] 靶向药物的耐药问题</div>
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<div class="source">[4] 靶向药物的耐药问题</div>
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<div class="findings">靶向治疗的中位耐药时间通常为6-18个月。肿瘤通过旁路信号通路激活、二次突变等方式逃避靶向抑制。慢性炎症环境加速耐药性产生。</div>
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<div class="findings">靶向治疗的中位耐药时间通常为6-18个月。肿瘤通过旁路信号通路激活、二次突变等方式逃避靶向抑制。慢性炎症环境加速耐药性产生。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Chong CR, Jänne PA. "The quest to overcome resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in cancer." Nature Medicine 2013; Holohan C et al. "Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm." Nature Reviews Cancer 2013.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Chong CR, Jänne PA. "The quest to overcome resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies in cancer." Nature Medicine 2013; Holohan C et al. "Cancer drug resistance: an evolving paradigm." Nature Reviews Cancer 2013.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.3413" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[5] 免疫治疗的响应率与炎症微环境</div>
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<div class="source">[5] 免疫治疗的响应率与炎症微环境</div>
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<div class="findings">PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的客观响应率约20-30%。肿瘤炎症微环境中的免疫抑制细胞(Treg、MDSC)和免疫抑制因子(IL-10、TGF-β)是限制免疫治疗效果的关键因素。</div>
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<div class="findings">PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的客观响应率约20-30%。肿瘤炎症微环境中的免疫抑制细胞(Treg、MDSC)和免疫抑制因子(IL-10、TGF-β)是限制免疫治疗效果的关键因素。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Topalian SL et al. "Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer." NEJM 2012; Gajewski TF et al. "Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment." Nature Immunology 2013.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Topalian SL et al. "Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer." NEJM 2012; Gajewski TF et al. "Innate and adaptive immune cells in the tumor microenvironment." Nature Immunology 2013.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1200690" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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@@ -845,12 +850,14 @@
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<div class="source">[7] 慢性炎症与癌症的分子机制</div>
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<div class="source">[7] 慢性炎症与癌症的分子机制</div>
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<div class="findings">炎症因子(TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β)通过以下途径促进癌症:①激活NF-κB→促进细胞增殖+抗凋亡;②诱导ROS→DNA氧化损伤;③激活STAT3→促进癌干细胞自我更新;④促进VEGF产生→肿瘤血管生成。</div>
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<div class="findings">炎症因子(TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β)通过以下途径促进癌症:①激活NF-κB→促进细胞增殖+抗凋亡;②诱导ROS→DNA氧化损伤;③激活STAT3→促进癌干细胞自我更新;④促进VEGF产生→肿瘤血管生成。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Grivennikov SI et al. "Immunity, inflammation, and cancer." Cell 2010; Mantovani A et al. "Cancer-related inflammation." Nature 2008.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Grivennikov SI et al. "Immunity, inflammation, and cancer." Cell 2010; Mantovani A et al. "Cancer-related inflammation." Nature 2008.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.025" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[8] "种子与土壤"理论的历史与现代验证</div>
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<div class="source">[8] "种子与土壤"理论的历史与现代验证</div>
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<div class="findings">Stephen Paget 1889年提出"种子与土壤"假说。现代肿瘤学研究证实:肿瘤微环境(TME)中的免疫细胞组成、细胞因子谱、细胞外基质成分决定了转移性癌细胞能否在特定器官"定居"。</div>
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<div class="findings">Stephen Paget 1889年提出"种子与土壤"假说。现代肿瘤学研究证实:肿瘤微环境(TME)中的免疫细胞组成、细胞因子谱、细胞外基质成分决定了转移性癌细胞能否在特定器官"定居"。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Paget S. "The distribution of secondary growths in cancer of the breast." Lancet 1889; Fidler IJ. "The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited." Nature Reviews Cancer 2003.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Paget S. "The distribution of secondary growths in cancer of the breast." Lancet 1889; Fidler IJ. "The pathogenesis of cancer metastasis: the 'seed and soil' hypothesis revisited." Nature Reviews Cancer 2003.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1087" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[10] 肠漏-炎症-癌症轴线</div>
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<div class="source">[10] 肠漏-炎症-癌症轴线</div>
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<div class="findings">肠道屏障功能障碍(肠漏)→LPS入血→TLR4激活→NF-κB核转位→TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等促炎因子持续产生。这条轴线在多种癌症(结直肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌)的发病机制中起核心作用。</div>
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<div class="findings">肠道屏障功能障碍(肠漏)→LPS入血→TLR4激活→NF-κB核转位→TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等促炎因子持续产生。这条轴线在多种癌症(结直肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、乳腺癌)的发病机制中起核心作用。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Fukata M et al. "Toll-like receptor-4 promotes the development of colitis-associated colorectal tumors." Gastroenterology 2007; Seo SU et al. "Intestinal barrier dysfunction and cancer." Cancer Research 2020.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Fukata M et al. "Toll-like receptor-4 promotes the development of colitis-associated colorectal tumors." Gastroenterology 2007; Seo SU et al. "Intestinal barrier dysfunction and cancer." Cancer Research 2020.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.08.045" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[11] 具核梭杆菌与结直肠癌</div>
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<div class="source">[11] 具核梭杆菌与结直肠癌</div>
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<div class="findings">Fusobacterium nucleatum在结直肠癌组织中显著富集(比正常组织高100-1,000倍)。其通过FadA黏附素结合E-cadherin→激活β-catenin→促进结直肠癌细胞增殖。</div>
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<div class="findings">Fusobacterium nucleatum在结直肠癌组织中显著富集(比正常组织高100-1,000倍)。其通过FadA黏附素结合E-cadherin→激活β-catenin→促进结直肠癌细胞增殖。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Kostic AD et al. "Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor immune microenvironment." Cell Host & Microbe 2013; Rubinstein MR et al. "Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling." Cell Host & Microbe 2013.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Kostic AD et al. "Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor immune microenvironment." Cell Host & Microbe 2013; Rubinstein MR et al. "Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin/β-catenin signaling." Cell Host & Microbe 2013.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2013.04.013" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[12] 肠道菌群与雌激素代谢</div>
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<div class="source">[12] 肠道菌群与雌激素代谢</div>
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<div class="findings">肠道菌群通过β-glucuronidase调节结合雌激素与游离雌激素的比例。菌群失调→β-glucuronidase活性↑→游离雌激素再吸收↑→循环雌激素水平↑→乳腺癌风险升高。</div>
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<div class="findings">肠道菌群通过β-glucuronidase调节结合雌激素与游离雌激素的比例。菌群失调→β-glucuronidase活性↑→游离雌激素再吸收↑→循环雌激素水平↑→乳腺癌风险升高。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Plottel CS, Blaser MJ. "Microbiome and malignancy." Cell Host & Microbe 2011; Kwa M et al. "The intestinal microbiome and estrogen receptor-positive female breast cancer." JNCI 2016.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Plottel CS, Blaser MJ. "Microbiome and malignancy." Cell Host & Microbe 2011; Kwa M et al. "The intestinal microbiome and estrogen receptor-positive female breast cancer." JNCI 2016.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2011.03.004" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[14] 氢气在癌症预防中的研究</div>
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<div class="source">[14] 氢气在癌症预防中的研究</div>
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<div class="findings">氢气在癌症预防和辅助治疗中的机制涉及:①抑制NF-κB和STAT3通路→减少促炎因子;②抑制VEGF→抗肿瘤血管生成;③保护线粒体功能→减轻氧化应激;④调节肠道菌群→改善免疫微环境。</div>
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<div class="findings">氢气在癌症预防和辅助治疗中的机制涉及:①抑制NF-κB和STAT3通路→减少促炎因子;②抑制VEGF→抗肿瘤血管生成;③保护线粒体功能→减轻氧化应激;④调节肠道菌群→改善免疫微环境。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Ostojic SM. "Molecular hydrogen in sports medicine: new therapeutic perspectives." International Journal of Sports Medicine 2015; Ge L et al. "Molecular hydrogen: a preventive and therapeutic medical gas for various diseases." Oncotarget 2017.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Ostojic SM. "Molecular hydrogen in sports medicine: new therapeutic perspectives." International Journal of Sports Medicine 2015; Ge L et al. "Molecular hydrogen: a preventive and therapeutic medical gas for various diseases." Oncotarget 2017.</div>
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+ <a class="link" href="https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.12099" target="_blank">🔗 查看原文 →</a>
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<div class="source">[15] 氢气修复肠道屏障的研究</div>
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<div class="source">[15] 氢气修复肠道屏障的研究</div>
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<div class="findings">氢气水促进肠道紧密连接蛋白(occludin、ZO-1)的表达,修复酒精/DSS诱导的肠道屏障损伤。减少LPS从肠道向血液的转移,降低全身炎症水平。</div>
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<div class="findings">氢气水促进肠道紧密连接蛋白(occludin、ZO-1)的表达,修复酒精/DSS诱导的肠道屏障损伤。减少LPS从肠道向血液的转移,降低全身炎症水平。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Chen X et al. "Hydrogen-rich saline protects against intestinal injury in septic rats." Journal of Surgical Research 2013; Zhang J et al. "Hydrogen-rich water ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice." Food & Function 2021.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Chen X et al. "Hydrogen-rich saline protects against intestinal injury in septic rats." Journal of Surgical Research 2013; Zhang J et al. "Hydrogen-rich water ameliorates DSS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice." Food & Function 2021.</div>
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<div class="source">[16] 氢气水减轻放疗损伤的临床研究</div>
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<div class="source">[16] 氢气水减轻放疗损伤的临床研究</div>
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<div class="findings">2011年临床试验:放疗期间饮用富氢水(每天1.5L)可显著减轻放疗诱导的氧化损伤。重要的是,氢气的保护作用<strong>选择性地发生在正常组织</strong>——不削弱放疗对肿瘤的杀伤效果。</div>
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<div class="findings">2011年临床试验:放疗期间饮用富氢水(每天1.5L)可显著减轻放疗诱导的氧化损伤。重要的是,氢气的保护作用<strong>选择性地发生在正常组织</strong>——不削弱放疗对肿瘤的杀伤效果。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Kang KM et al. "Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors." Medical Gas Research 2011.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: Kang KM et al. "Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors." Medical Gas Research 2011.</div>
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<div class="source">[17] 生活方式干预与癌症预防——WHO/IARC数据</div>
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<div class="source">[17] 生活方式干预与癌症预防——WHO/IARC数据</div>
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<div class="findings">WHO国际癌症研究机构(IARC)估计:30-50%的癌症可通过避免或减少已知风险因素来预防。在欧美国家过去30年中,通过戒烟、筛查和生活方式改善,结直肠癌发病率下降约30%、肺癌发病率下降约20%。</div>
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<div class="findings">WHO国际癌症研究机构(IARC)估计:30-50%的癌症可通过避免或减少已知风险因素来预防。在欧美国家过去30年中,通过戒烟、筛查和生活方式改善,结直肠癌发病率下降约30%、肺癌发病率下降约20%。</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: WHO IARC. "Prevention of Cancer" - World Cancer Report 2020; Danaei G et al. "Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment." Lancet Oncology 2005.</div>
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<div class="trans">Reference: WHO IARC. "Prevention of Cancer" - World Cancer Report 2020; Danaei G et al. "Causes of cancer in the world: comparative risk assessment." Lancet Oncology 2005.</div>
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