| 123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159160161162163164165166167168169170171172173174175176177178179180181182183184185186187188189190191192193194195196197198199200201202203204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225226227228229230231232233234235236237238239240241242243244245246247248249250251252253254255256257258259260261262263264265266267268269270271272273274275276277278279280281282283284285286287288289290291292293294295296297298299300301302303304305306307308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332333334335336337338339340341342343344345346347348349350351352353354355356357358359360361362363364365366367368369370371372373374375376377378379380381382383384385386387388389390391392393394395396397398399400401402403404405406407408409410411412413414415416417418419420421422423424425426427428429430431432433434435436437438439440441442443444445446447448449450451452453454455456457458459460461462463464465466467468469470471472473474475476477478479480481482483484485486487488489490491492493494495496497498499500501502503504505506507508509510511512513514515516517518519520521522523524525526527528529530531532533534535536537538539540541542543544545546547548549550551552553554555556557558559560561562563564565566567568569570571572573574575576577578579580581582583584585586587588589590591592593594595596597598599600601602603604605606607608609610611612613614615616617618619620621622623624625626627628629630631632633634635636637638639640641642643644645646647648649650651652653654655656657658659660661662663664665666667668669670671672673674675676677678679680681682683684685686687688689690691692693694695696697698699700701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733734735736737738739740741742743744745746747748749750751752753754755756757758759760761762763764765766767768769770771772773774775776777778779780781782783784785786787788789790791792793794795796797798799800801802803804805806807808809810811812813814815816817818819820821822823824825826827828829830831832833834835836837838839840841842843844845846847848849850851852853854855856857858859860861862863864865866867868869870871872873874875876877878879880881882883884885886887888889890891892893894895896897898899900901902903904905906907908909910911912913914915916917918919920921922923924925926927928929930931932933934935936937938939940941942943944945946947948949950951952953954955956957958959960961962963964965966967968969970971972973974975976977978979980981982983984985986987988989990991992993994995996997998999100010011002100310041005100610071008100910101011101210131014101510161017101810191020102110221023102410251026102710281029103010311032103310341035103610371038103910401041104210431044104510461047104810491050105110521053105410551056105710581059106010611062106310641065106610671068106910701071107210731074107510761077107810791080108110821083108410851086108710881089109010911092109310941095109610971098109911001101110211031104110511061107110811091110111111121113111411151116111711181119112011211122112311241125112611271128112911301131113211331134113511361137113811391140114111421143114411451146114711481149115011511152115311541155115611571158115911601161116211631164116511661167116811691170117111721173117411751176117711781179118011811182118311841185118611871188118911901191119211931194119511961197119811991200120112021203120412051206120712081209121012111212121312141215121612171218121912201221122212231224122512261227122812291230123112321233123412351236123712381239124012411242124312441245124612471248124912501251125212531254125512561257125812591260126112621263126412651266126712681269127012711272127312741275127612771278127912801281128212831284128512861287128812891290129112921293129412951296129712981299130013011302130313041305130613071308130913101311131213131314131513161317131813191320132113221323132413251326132713281329133013311332133313341335133613371338133913401341134213431344134513461347134813491350135113521353135413551356135713581359136013611362136313641365136613671368136913701371137213731374137513761377137813791380138113821383138413851386 |
- <!DOCTYPE html>
- <html lang="en" class="grade-c">
- <head>
- <title> | Nature Sustainability</title>
-
- <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://www.nature.com/natsustain.rss"/>
-
-
- <script id="save-data-connection-testing">
- function hasConnection() {
- return navigator.connection || navigator.mozConnection || navigator.webkitConnection || navigator.msConnection;
- }
- function createLink(src) {
- var preloadLink = document.createElement("link");
- preloadLink.rel = "preload";
- preloadLink.href = src;
- preloadLink.as = "font";
- preloadLink.type = "font/woff2";
- preloadLink.crossOrigin = "";
- document.head.insertBefore(preloadLink, document.head.firstChild);
- }
- var connectionDetail = {
- saveDataEnabled: false,
- slowConnection: false
- };
- var connection = hasConnection();
- if (connection) {
- connectionDetail.saveDataEnabled = connection.saveData;
- if (/\slow-2g|2g/.test(connection.effectiveType)) {
- connectionDetail.slowConnection = true;
- }
- }
- if (!(connectionDetail.saveDataEnabled || connectionDetail.slowConnection)) {
- createLink("/oscar-static/fonts/HardingText-Regular-Web-cecd90984f.woff2");
- } else {
- document.documentElement.classList.add('save-data');
- }
- </script>
-
- <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cmp.nature.com" crossorigin>
- <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
- <meta name="applicable-device" content="pc,mobile">
- <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,maximum-scale=5,user-scalable=yes">
- <meta name="360-site-verification" content="5a2dc4ab3fcb9b0393241ffbbb490480" />
- <script data-test="dataLayer">
- window.dataLayer = [{"content":{"category":{"legacy":{"webtrendsPrimaryArticleType":"research","webtrendsSubjectTerms":"environmental-sciences;natural-hazards","webtrendsContentCategory":null,"webtrendsContentCollection":"Research in support of the UN 2023 Water Conference;Water research for sustainability","webtrendsContentGroup":"Nature Sustainability","webtrendsContentGroupType":null,"webtrendsContentSubGroup":"Article","status":null},"contentType":"article"},"article":{"doi":"10.1038/s41893-022-00898-5"},"attributes":{"cms":null,"deliveryPlatform":"oscar","copyright":{"open":false,"legacy":{"webtrendsLicenceType":null}},"articleInPress":"false"},"contentInfo":{"authors":["Mengjie Liu","Nigel Graham","Wenyu Wang","Renzun Zhao","Yonglong Lu","Menachem Elimelech","Wenzheng Yu"],"publishedAt":1654732800,"publishedAtString":"2022-06-09","title":"Spatial assessment of tap-water safety in China","legacy":null,"publishedAtTime":null,"documentType":"aplusplus","subjects":"Environmental sciences,Natural hazards"},"journal":{"pcode":"natsustain","title":"nature sustainability","volume":"5","issue":"8","id":41893,"publishingModel":"Hybrid Access"},"authorization":{"status":true},"features":[],"collection":{"id":"jggcdacijj;aajgbcggfi"}},"page":{"category":{"pageType":"figure"},"attributes":{"template":"mosaic","featureFlags":[],"testGroup":null},"search":null},"privacy":{},"version":"1.0.0","product":null,"session":null,"user":null,"backHalfContent":true,"country":"CN","hasBody":true,"uneditedManuscript":false,"twitterId":["o3xnx","o43y9","o3ef7"],"baiduId":"d38bce82bcb44717ccc29a90c4b781ea","newApp":true,"japan":false}];
- window.dataLayer.push({
- ga4MeasurementId: 'G-ERRNTNZ807',
- ga360TrackingId: 'UA-71668177-1',
- twitterId: ['3xnx', 'o43y9', 'o3ef7'],
- baiduId: 'd38bce82bcb44717ccc29a90c4b781ea',
- ga4ServerUrl: 'https://sgtm.nature.com',
- imprint: 'nature'
- });
- </script>
- <script>
- (function(w, d) {
- w.config = w.config || {};
- w.config.mustardcut = false;
-
- if (w.matchMedia && w.matchMedia('only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches) {
- w.config.mustardcut = true;
- d.classList.add('js');
- d.classList.remove('grade-c');
- d.classList.remove('no-js');
- }
- })(window, document.documentElement);
- </script>
-
-
-
-
-
-
- <style>@media only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html{line-height:1.15;text-size-adjust:100%;height:100%;overflow-y:scroll;font-size:100%}body{margin:0;font-family:Merriweather Sans,Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;line-height:1.8;min-height:100%;font-size:1.125rem;color:#222;background:#fff}details,main{display:block}h1{margin:.67em 0;font-family:Harding,Palatino,serif;font-size:min(max(1.5rem,4vw),2rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:min(max(-.0117156rem,4vw),-.0390625rem);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{background-color:transparent;color:#025e8d;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto;text-underline-offset:.08em;text-decoration:underline}b{font-weight:bolder}sup{font-size:75%;line-height:0;position:relative;vertical-align:baseline;top:-.5em}img{border:0;max-width:100%;height:auto;vertical-align:middle}button,input,select{font-family:inherit;font-size:100%;line-height:1.15;margin:0}button,input{overflow:visible}button,select{text-transform:none}[type=submit],button{appearance:button}[type=checkbox]{box-sizing:border-box;padding:0}summary{display:list-item}[hidden]{display:none}button{cursor:pointer}h2,h3{font-family:Harding,Palatino,serif}h2{font-size:min(max(1.25rem,3.5vw),1.5rem)}h3{font-size:min(max(1.125rem,3vw),1.25rem)}h2,h3{line-height:1.2;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.0117156rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}h3{font-size:1.25rem}*,html *,html :after,html :before{box-sizing:inherit}p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:2rem;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-break:break-word}p:last-of-type{margin-bottom:0}.eds-c-status-message{display:flex;gap:.5rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;border-radius:8px;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #999;line-height:1.4;padding:16px 16px 12px}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__content p:last-child,.eds-c-status-message :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.eds-c-status-message__message a{color:inherit}.eds-c-status-message__text{padding-right:12px;margin-top:2px}.eds-c-status-message__text h5{margin-top:0}.eds-c-status-message__icon{fill:currentcolor;transform:translate(0);display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:24px;height:24px;flex:0 0 auto;margin-right:8px}.eds-c-status-message__icon--top{align-self:flex-start}.eds-c-status-message__dismiss-button{position:absolute;border:0;background:0 0;right:8px;cursor:pointer}.eds-c-status-message__dismiss-icon{fill:currentcolor;transform:translate(0);display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:24px;height:24px;color:#555}.eds-c-status-message__title{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}.eds-c-status-message--info .eds-c-status-message__icon{color:#0070a8}.eds-c-status-message--info{border-bottom:4px solid #0070a8}.eds-c-status-message--error .eds-c-status-message__icon{color:#be1818}.eds-c-status-message--error{border-bottom:4px solid #be1818}.eds-c-status-message--success .eds-c-status-message__icon{color:#00a69d}.eds-c-status-message--success{border-bottom:4px solid #00a69d}.eds-c-status-message--warning .eds-c-status-message__icon{color:#f58220}.eds-c-status-message--warning{border-bottom:4px solid #f58220}.c-ad{text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-ad{padding:8px}}.c-ad--728x90{display:none;background-color:#ccc}.c-ad--728x90 .c-ad__inner{min-height:calc(1.5em + 94px)}@media only screen and (min-width:758px){.js .c-ad--728x90{display:none}.js .u-show-following-ad+.c-ad--728x90{display:block}}.app-author-list,.c-ad__label{font-size:.875rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;line-height:1.5}.c-ad__label{font-weight:400;margin-bottom:4px;color:#333}.app-author-list{color:#6f6f6f;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.app-author-list>li,.js .app-author-list{display:inline}.app-author-list>li:not(:first-child):not(:last-child):before{content:", "}.app-author-list>li:not(:only-child):last-child:before{content:" & "}.app-author-list--compact{line-height:1.4;font-size:.875rem}.app-author-list--truncated>li:not(:only-child):last-child:before{content:" ... "}.js .app-author-list__hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.js .app-author-list__hide:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}.c-article-header{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;margin-bottom:40px}.c-article-identifiers{list-style:none;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;color:#6f6f6f;padding:0}.c-article-identifiers__item{margin-right:8px;padding-right:8px;list-style:none}.c-article-identifiers__item:last-child{margin-right:0;padding-right:0}.c-article-title{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.25;margin:0 0 16px}@media only screen and (min-width:758px){.c-article-title{font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.2}}.c-article-author-list{width:100%;margin:0 8px 0 0;padding:0;display:inline;list-style:none;font-size:1rem}.c-article-author-list__item{display:inline;padding-right:0}.c-article-author-list svg{margin-left:4px}.c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none;margin-right:4px}.c-article-author-list__button,.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide,.js .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--long .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--long+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.js .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:none}.js .c-article-author-list--short .c-article-author-list__show-more,.js .c-article-author-list--short+.c-article-author-list__button{display:inline}}#uptodate-client,.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__show-more{display:none!important}.js .c-article-author-list--expanded .c-article-author-list__item--hide-small-screen{display:inline!important}.c-article-author-list__button,.c-button-author-list{background:#ebf1f5;border:4px solid #ebf1f5;border-radius:20px;color:#666;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4;padding:2px 11px 2px 8px;text-decoration:none}.c-article-author-list__button svg,.c-button-author-list svg{margin:1px 4px 0 0}.c-article-author-list__button:hover,.c-button-author-list:hover{background:#069;border-color:transparent;color:#fff}.c-article-info-details{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-top:16px}.c-article-info-details__cite-as{border-left:1px solid #6f6f6f;margin-left:8px;padding-left:8px}.c-article-metrics-bar{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;line-height:1.3;font-size:1rem}.c-article-metrics-bar__wrapper{margin:16px 0}.c-article-metrics-bar__item{align-items:baseline;border-right:1px solid #6f6f6f;margin-right:8px}.c-article-metrics-bar__item:last-child{border-right:0}.c-article-metrics-bar__count{font-weight:700;margin:0}.c-article-metrics-bar__label{color:#626262;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;margin:0 10px 0 5px}.c-article-metrics-bar__details{margin:0}.c-article-main-column{font-family:Harding,Palatino,serif;margin-right:8.6%;width:60.2%}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-main-column{margin-right:0;width:100%}}.c-article-extras{float:left;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;width:31.2%}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-extras{display:none}}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__title,.c-article-section__title{border-bottom:2px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1.25rem;padding-bottom:8px;margin:0}@media only screen and (min-width:758px){.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__title,.c-article-section__title{font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.24}}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__title{margin-bottom:8px}.c-article-body p{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-section{clear:both}.c-article-section__content{padding-top:8px;margin-bottom:40px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-article-section__content{padding-left:0}}.c-article-authors-search{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-authors-search__item,.c-article-authors-search__title{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif}.c-article-authors-search__title{color:#626262;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:1.05rem}.c-article-authors-search__item{font-size:1rem}.c-article-authors-search__text{margin:0}.c-code-block{padding:20px;margin:0 0 24px;border:1px solid #fff;font-family:monospace}.c-code-block__heading{margin-bottom:16px;font-weight:400}.c-code-block__line{overflow-wrap:break-word;white-space:pre-wrap;display:block}.c-article-share-box__no-sharelink-info{font-size:.813rem;font-weight:700;padding-top:4px;margin-bottom:24px}.c-article-share-box__only-read-input{border:1px solid #d5d5d5;display:inline-block;box-sizing:content-box;height:24px;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:.875rem;font-weight:700;padding:8px 10px}.c-article-share-box__button--link-like{background-color:transparent;border:0;color:#069;cursor:pointer;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:10px}.c-article-editorial-summary__container{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:1rem}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__article-title{font-family:Harding,Palatino,serif;font-size:min(max(1.125rem,3vw),1.25rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.0117156rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__content--less{max-height:9.5rem;overflow:hidden}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button.active,.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button.hover,.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button:active,.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-skip-ink:auto}.c-article-editorial-summary__container .c-article-editorial-summary__button{background-color:#fff;border:0;color:#069;font-size:.875rem;margin-bottom:16px}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-label{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4}.c-article-associated-content__container .c-article-associated-content__collection-title{line-height:1.3}.c-reading-companion{clear:both;min-height:389px}.c-reading-companion__sticky{max-width:389px}.c-reading-companion__scroll-pane{overflow:hidden auto;margin:0;min-height:200px}.c-reading-companion__tabs{font-size:1rem;list-style:none;display:flex;flex-flow:row;margin:0 0 8px;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__tabs>li{flex-grow:1}.c-reading-companion__tab{color:#0067c5;border-image:initial;border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-left-width:0;background-color:#eee;padding:8px 8px 8px 15px;text-align:left;font-size:1rem;width:100%}.c-reading-companion__tabs li:first-child .c-reading-companion__tab{border-left-width:1px}.c-reading-companion__tab--active{color:#222;background-color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #fff;font-weight:700}.c-reading-companion__sections-list{list-style:none;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__figures-list,.c-reading-companion__references-list{list-style:none;padding:0;min-height:389px}.c-reading-companion__references-list--numeric{list-style:decimal inside}.c-reading-companion__sections-list{margin:0 0 8px;min-height:50px}.c-reading-companion__section-item{font-size:1rem;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__section-item a{display:block;padding:8px 0 8px 16px;line-height:1.5;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;text-overflow:ellipsis}.c-reading-companion__figure-item{padding:16px 8px 16px 0;border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__figure-item:first-child{border-top:none;padding-top:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-item{padding:8px 8px 8px 16px;border-top:1px solid #d5d5d5;font-size:1rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-item:first-child{border-top:none}.c-reading-companion__reference-item a{word-break:break-word}.c-reading-companion__reference-citation{display:inline}.c-reading-companion__reference-links{list-style:none;text-align:right;margin:8px 0 0;padding:0;font-weight:700;font-size:.813rem}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a{display:inline-block;padding-left:8px}.c-reading-companion__reference-links>a:first-child{display:inline-block;padding-left:0}.c-reading-companion__figure-title{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.0117156rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;display:block;margin:0 0 8px}.c-reading-companion__figure-links{margin:8px 0 0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.c-reading-companion__figure-links>a{display:flex;align-items:center}.c-reading-companion__figure-full-link svg{height:.8em;margin-left:2px}.c-reading-companion__panel{display:none;border-top:none;margin-top:0;padding-top:0}.c-cod,.c-reading-companion__panel--active{display:block}.c-cod{font-size:1rem;width:100%}.c-cod__form{background:#ebf0f3}.c-cod__prompt{margin:0 0 24px;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3}.c-cod__label{display:block;margin:0 0 4px}.c-cod__row{display:flex;margin:0 0 16px}.c-cod__row:last-child{margin:0}.c-cod__input{padding:13px;margin:0;border:1px solid #d5d5d5;border-radius:2px;flex:1 1 auto}.c-cod__input--submit{margin-left:8px;flex-shrink:1;background-color:#069;color:#fff;border:1px solid #069;transition:background-color .2s ease-out,color .2s ease-out}.c-cod__input--submit-single{margin:0;flex-shrink:0;flex-basis:100%}.c-cod__input--submit:focus,.c-cod__input--submit:hover{color:#069;background-color:#fff}.c-pdf-download__link .u-icon{padding-top:2px}.c-pdf-download{display:flex;margin-bottom:24px;max-height:48px}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-pdf-download{max-height:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-pdf-download{max-height:48px}}.c-pdf-download__link{display:flex;flex:1 1 0%}.c-pdf-download__link:hover{text-decoration:none}.c-pdf-download__text{padding-right:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-pdf-download__text{text-transform:capitalize}}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-pdf-download__text{padding-right:8px}}.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download{margin-bottom:0;display:block;white-space:nowrap}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-pdf-download .u-sticky-visually-hidden{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;position:absolute!important}}.c-pdf-container{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-pdf-container .c-pdf-download{display:flex;flex-basis:100%}}.c-pdf-container .c-pdf-download+.c-pdf-download{margin-left:16px}.c-article-extras .c-pdf-container .c-pdf-download{width:100%}.c-article-extras .c-pdf-container .c-pdf-download+.c-pdf-download{margin-left:0}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{flex:1 1 183px;align-items:center}}@media only screen and (max-width:320px){.c-context-bar--sticky .c-pdf-download__link{padding:16px}}.article-page--commercial .c-article-main-column .c-pdf-button__container .c-pdf-download{display:none}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.article-page--commercial .c-article-main-column .c-pdf-button__container .c-pdf-download{display:block}}.c-recommendations-column-switch .c-meta{margin-top:auto}.c-context-bar{position:relative;width:100%;box-shadow:0 0 10px 0 rgba(51,51,51,.2)}.c-context-bar__container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px}.c-context-bar__title{display:none}.app-researcher-popup__link.hover,.app-researcher-popup__link.visited,.app-researcher-popup__link:hover,.app-researcher-popup__link:visited,.c-article-metrics__heading a,.c-article-metrics__posts .c-card__title a{color:inherit}.c-article-authors-search__list{display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-article-authors-search__list{justify-content:normal}}.c-article-authors-search__text{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-flow:column wrap;justify-content:center;font-size:14px}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-article-authors-search__text{font-size:16px;flex-direction:row}}.c-article-authors-search__links-text{font-weight:700;margin-right:8px;text-align:center}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-article-authors-search__links-text{text-align:left}}.c-article-authors-search__list-item--left{flex:1 1 100%}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-article-authors-search__list-item--left{flex-basis:auto}}.c-article-authors-search__list-item--right{flex:1 1 auto}.c-article-identifiers{margin:0}.c-article-identifiers__item{color:#222;border-right:2px solid #c5e0f4;font-size:14px}@media only screen and (min-width:320px){.c-article-identifiers__item{font-size:16px}}.c-article-identifiers__item:last-child{border-right:none}.c-article-metrics__posts .c-card__title{font-size:1.05rem}.c-article-metrics__posts .c-card__title+span{color:#6f6f6f;font-size:1rem}.c-status-message{display:flex;align-items:center;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;position:relative;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.c-card__summary>p:last-child,.c-status-message :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.c-status-message--boxed{background-color:#fff;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid #eee;line-height:1.5;padding:16px}.c-status-message__heading{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}.c-status-message__icon{fill:currentcolor;transform:translate(0);display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;flex:0 0 auto;margin-right:8px}.c-status-message__icon--top{align-self:flex-start}.c-status-message--info .c-status-message__icon{color:#003f8d}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--info{border-bottom:4px solid #003f8d}.c-status-message--error .c-status-message__icon{color:#c40606}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--error{border-bottom:4px solid #c40606}.c-status-message--success .c-status-message__icon{color:#00b8b0}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--success{border-bottom:4px solid #00b8b0}.c-status-message--warning .c-status-message__icon{color:#edbc53}.c-status-message--boxed.c-status-message--warning{border-bottom:4px solid #edbc53}.c-breadcrumbs{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:1rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;color:#000}.c-breadcrumbs>li{display:inline}.c-breadcrumbs__link{color:#666}svg.c-breadcrumbs__chevron{margin:4px 4px 0;fill:#666;width:10px;height:10px}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item{display:none}.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:last-child,.c-breadcrumbs .c-breadcrumbs__item:nth-last-child(2){display:inline}}.c-card{display:flex;background-color:transparent;flex-direction:column;font-size:.875rem;min-width:0;padding:0;position:relative;border:0;box-shadow:none;overflow:hidden}.c-card--no-shape{border:0;box-shadow:none;background:0 0}.c-card__image{position:relative;display:flex;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:56.25%}@supports (aspect-ratio:1/1){.c-card__image{padding-bottom:0;aspect-ratio:var(--card--image-aspect-ratio,16/9)}}.c-card__image img{position:absolute;left:0;min-width:100%;min-height:100%}@supports ((-o-object-fit:cover) or (object-fit:cover)){.c-card__image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}}.c-card__body{padding:16px;flex:1 1 auto}.c-card--no-shape .c-card__body{padding:0}.c-card--no-shape .c-card__body:not(:first-child){padding-top:16px}.c-card__title{font-family:Harding,Palatino,serif;font-size:min(max(1.125rem,3vw),1.25rem);font-weight:700;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:8px;letter-spacing:-.01875rem}[lang=de] .c-card__title{hyphens:auto}.c-card__summary{line-height:1.4}.c-card__summary>p{margin-bottom:5px}.c-card__summary a{text-decoration:underline}.c-card__link:not(.c-card__link--no-block-link):before{content:"";position:absolute;inset:0}.c-card--flush .c-card__body{padding:0}.c-card--major{font-size:1rem}.c-card--major .c-card__title{font-family:Harding,Palatino,serif;font-size:min(max(1.25rem,3.5vw),1.5rem);font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.0117156rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.c-card--dark{background-color:#29303c;color:#e3e4e5;border-width:0}.c-card--dark .c-card__title,.c-footer{color:#fff}.c-card--dark .c-card__link,.c-card--dark .c-card__summary a,.c-meta{color:inherit}.c-meta{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.4}.c-meta--large{font-size:1rem}.c-meta--large .c-meta__item{margin-bottom:8px}.c-meta__item{display:inline-block;margin-bottom:4px}.c-meta__item:not(:last-child){border-right:1px solid #999;padding-right:4px;margin-right:4px}@media only screen and (max-width:539px){.c-meta__item--block-sm-max{display:block}.c-meta__item--block-sm-max:not(:last-child){border-right:none;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-meta__item--block-at-lg{display:block}.c-meta__item--block-at-lg:not(:last-child){border-right:none;margin-right:0;padding-right:0}}.c-meta__type{text-transform:none;font-weight:700}.c-skip-link{background:#069;color:#fff;font-size:.875rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;text-align:center;padding:8px;position:absolute;inset:0 0 auto;z-index:9999;transform:translateY(-100%)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.c-skip-link{transition:top .3s ease-in-out}}@media print{.c-skip-link{display:none}}.c-skip-link:link{color:#fff}.app-cta-group{display:flex;gap:0 16px;flex-direction:column;width:100%}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.app-cta-group{align-items:baseline;flex-direction:row}}.app-cta-group>*{flex:1 1 auto}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.app-cta-group>*{flex:0 1 auto}}.c-nature-box{background-color:#fff;border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0 5px 0 rgba(51,51,51,.1);border:1px solid #d5d5d5;line-height:1.3;padding:16px 16px 3px;margin-bottom:24px}.c-nature-box__text{margin-bottom:16px!important;font-size:1rem}.c-nature-box--access-to-pdf{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-nature-box--mobile{display:none}}.c-nature-box .c-pdf-download{margin-bottom:16px!important}.c-nature-box svg+.c-article__button-text{margin-left:8px}.c-nature-box--version{background-color:#eee}.c-nature-box__wrapper{transform:translateZ(0)}.c-nature-box__wrapper--placeholder{min-height:165px}.c-meta__link{color:#000}.app-journal-saved-research-status-container .eds-c-status-message{background-color:inherit;border:0;border-radius:0;padding:16px 0}.app-journal-saved-research-status-container .eds-c-status-message--success{border-bottom:none}.app-journal-saved-research-status-container .eds-c-status-message__dismiss-button{right:0;padding:0}.sans-serif{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif}.article-page{background:#fff}.c-header{background-color:#fff;border-bottom:5px solid #000;font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:16px;line-height:1.4}.c-header__row{position:relative;padding:0}.c-header__row:not(:last-child){border-bottom:1px solid #eee}.c-header__split{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between}.c-header__logo-container{flex:1 1 0px;margin:8px 24px 8px 0;line-height:0}.c-header__logo{transform:translateZ(0)}.c-header__logo img{max-height:32px}.c-header__container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px}@media print{.c-header__menu{display:none}}.c-header__menu{list-style:none;padding:0;display:flex;gap:8px;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;flex:0 1 auto;font-weight:700;line-height:1.4;margin:0 -4px}@media only screen and (max-width:1023px){.c-header__menu--hide-lg-max{display:none;visibility:hidden}}.c-header__menu--global{font-weight:400;justify-content:flex-end}.c-header__menu--global svg{display:none;visibility:hidden}.c-header__menu--global svg:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__menu--global svg{display:block;visibility:visible}}.c-header__menu--journal{font-size:.875rem;margin:8px 0 8px -8px}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__menu--journal{flex-wrap:nowrap;font-size:1rem}}.c-header__item{position:static;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0}.c-header__item--pipe{border-left:2px solid #eee;padding-left:8px}.c-header__item--padding{padding-top:8px;padding-bottom:8px}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__item--dropdown-menu{position:relative}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.c-header__item--hide-lg{display:none;visibility:hidden}}@media only screen and (max-width:757px){.c-header__item--hide-md-max{display:none;visibility:hidden}.c-header__item--hide-md-max:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}}.c-header__link{color:inherit;padding:8px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;white-space:nowrap}.c-header__link svg{transition-duration:.2s}.c-header__show-text{display:none;visibility:hidden}.has-tethered .c-header__heading--js-hide:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__show-text{display:inline;visibility:visible}}.c-header__show-text-sm{display:inline;visibility:visible}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__show-text-sm{display:none;visibility:hidden}.c-header__show-text-sm:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}}@media print{.c-header__dropdown{display:none}}.c-header__dropdown{background-color:#000;border-bottom:1px solid #2f2f2f;color:#eee;padding:16px 0;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.2}.c-header__heading{display:inline-block;line-height:1.4;font-size:1.25rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:8px}.c-header__heading--keyline{border-top:1px solid;border-color:#2f2f2f;padding-top:16px;margin-top:16px;width:100%}.c-header__list{list-style:none;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0 16px;margin:0 -8px}.c-header__flush{margin:0 -8px}.c-header__visually-hidden{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;position:absolute!important}.c-header__search-form{margin-bottom:8px}.c-header__search-layout{display:flex;gap:16px;flex-wrap:wrap}.c-header__search-layout>:first-child{flex:999 1 auto}.c-header__search-layout>*{flex:1 1 auto}.c-header__search-layout--max-width{max-width:720px}.c-header__search-button{align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:flex;width:100%;margin:0;position:relative;text-decoration:none;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.15;justify-content:center;padding:8px 16px;transition:background-color .2s ease-in-out,border-color .2s ease-in-out,color .2s ease-in-out;border-radius:2px;border:1px solid #fff;color:#fff;background-color:transparent;background-image:none}.c-header__input,.c-header__select{padding:8px 16px;border:1px solid;border-radius:3px;font-size:1rem;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.c-header__select{display:block;min-width:150px;max-width:100%;margin:0;box-shadow:0 1px 0 1px rgba(0,0,0,.04);appearance:none;background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg height='16' viewBox='0 0 16 16' width='16' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='m5.58578644 3-3.29289322-3.29289322c-.39052429-.39052429-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356s1.02368927-.39052429 1.41421356 0l4 4c.39052429.39052429.39052429 1.02368927 0 1.41421356l-4 4c-.39052429.39052429-1.02368927.39052429-1.41421356 0s-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356z' fill='%23333' fill-rule='evenodd' transform='matrix(0 1 -1 0 11 3)'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:right .7em top 50%;background-size:1em}.u-button svg,.u-button--primary svg{fill:currentcolor}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__menu--journal .c-header__item--dropdown-menu:last-child .c-header__dropdown.has-tethered{left:auto;right:0}}@media only screen and (min-width:758px){.c-header__menu--journal .c-header__item--dropdown-menu:last-child .c-header__dropdown.has-tethered{left:0;right:auto}}.c-header__dropdown.has-tethered{position:absolute;top:100%;transform:translateY(5px);z-index:1;left:0;width:100%;border-radius:0 0 2px 2px;border-bottom:0}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__dropdown.has-tethered{transform:translateY(8px);width:auto}}@media only screen and (min-width:758px){.c-header__dropdown.has-tethered{min-width:225px}}.c-header__dropdown--full-width.has-tethered{width:100%;padding:32px 0 24px;transform:none}.has-tethered .c-header__heading--js-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.has-tethered .c-header__list--js-stack{flex-direction:column}.has-tethered .c-header__item--keyline,.has-tethered .c-header__list~.c-header__list .c-header__item:first-child{border-top:1px solid #999;padding-top:8px;margin-top:8px}.c-header__item--snid-account-widget{display:flex}.c-header__container{padding:0 4px}.c-header__list{padding:0 12px}.c-header__menu .c-header__link{font-size:14px}.c-header__item--snid-account-widget .c-header__link{padding:8px}.c-header__menu--journal{margin-left:0}@media only screen and (min-width:540px){.c-header__container{padding:0 16px}.c-header__menu--journal{margin-left:-8px}.c-header__menu .c-header__link{font-size:16px}.c-header__link--search{gap:13px}}.u-button{align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex;margin:0;position:relative;text-decoration:none;width:auto;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.3;justify-content:center;padding:8px;transition:.25s,color .25s,border-color .25s;border-radius:2px;background-color:transparent;background-image:none;color:#069;border:1px solid #069}.u-button--primary{color:#fff;background-color:#069;background-image:none;border:1px solid #069}.u-button--full-width{display:flex;width:100%}.u-clearfix:after,.u-clearfix:before{content:"";display:table}.u-clearfix:after{clear:both}.u-container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1280px;padding:0 16px}.u-justify-content-space-between{justify-content:space-between}.u-float-left{float:left}.u-display-none{display:none}.js .u-js-hide,.u-hide{display:none;visibility:hidden}.u-hide:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}.u-visually-hidden{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;white-space:nowrap;width:1px;position:absolute!important}@media print{.u-hide-print{display:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:1024px){.u-hide-at-lg{display:none;visibility:hidden}.u-hide-at-lg:first-child+*{margin-block-start:0}}.u-icon{fill:currentcolor;transform:translate(0);display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:1em;height:1em}.u-full-height{height:100%}.u-list-reset{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.c-reading-companion__figure-item figure{margin:0}.u-mt-32{margin-top:32px}.u-mb-8{margin-bottom:8px}.u-mb-16{margin-bottom:16px}.u-mb-24{margin-bottom:24px}.u-mb-32{margin-bottom:32px}.u-mb-48{margin-bottom:48px}.u-pa-16{padding:16px}.u-h3{font-family:Harding,Palatino,serif;font-size:min(max(1.125rem,3vw),1.25rem)}.u-h3,.u-h4{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.0117156rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.c-article-section__title,.c-article-title,.u-h3,.u-h4{font-weight:700}.c-card__title{line-height:1.4em}.c-article__button{background-color:#069;border:1px solid #069;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;font-size:.875rem;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:16px;padding:13px;transition:background-color .2s ease-out,color .2s ease-out;display:flex}.c-article__button,.c-article__button:hover{text-decoration:none}.c-article__button--inverted,.c-article__button:hover{background-color:#fff;color:#069}.c-article__button--inverted:hover{background-color:#069;color:#fff}.grade-c-hide{display:block}.c-pdf-download__link{padding:13px 24px}.u-color-open-access{color:#b74616} } </style>
-
- <link data-test="critical-css-handler" data-inline-css-source="critical-css" rel="stylesheet" href="/oscar-static/css/enhanced-article-nature-branded-31aa01f829.css" media="print" onload="this.media='only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)';this.onload=null">
-
- <noscript>
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/oscar-static/css/enhanced-article-nature-branded-31aa01f829.css" media="only print, only all and (prefers-color-scheme: no-preference), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: light), only all and (prefers-color-scheme: dark)">
- </noscript>
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/oscar-static/css/article-print-56663cc418.css" media="print">
-
- <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href=/oscar-static/images/favicons/nature/apple-touch-icon-f39cb19454.png>
- <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="48x48" href=/oscar-static/images/favicons/nature/favicon-48x48-b52890008c.png>
- <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href=/oscar-static/images/favicons/nature/favicon-32x32-3fe59ece92.png>
- <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href=/oscar-static/images/favicons/nature/favicon-16x16-951651ab72.png>
- <link rel="manifest" href=/oscar-static/manifest.json crossorigin="use-credentials">
- <link rel="mask-icon" href=/oscar-static/images/favicons/nature/safari-pinned-tab-e836a84dfc.svg color="#000000">
- <link rel="shortcut icon" href=/oscar-static/images/favicons/nature/favicon.ico>
- <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000000">
- <meta name="msapplication-config" content=/oscar-static/browserconfig.xml>
- <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000">
- <meta name="application-name" content="Nature">
- <script>
- (function () {
- if ( typeof window.CustomEvent === "function" ) return false;
- function CustomEvent ( event, params ) {
- params = params || { bubbles: false, cancelable: false, detail: null };
- var evt = document.createEvent( 'CustomEvent' );
- evt.initCustomEvent( event, params.bubbles, params.cancelable, params.detail );
- return evt;
- }
- CustomEvent.prototype = window.Event.prototype;
- window.CustomEvent = CustomEvent;
- })();
- </script>
- <script>
- (function (w, d, s) {
- var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(w.location.search);
- if (urlParams.get('gptAdsTest') !== null) {
- d.addEventListener('sncc:initialise', function (e) {
- var t = d.createElement(s);
- var h = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
- t.src = 'https://' + (e.detail.C03 ? 'securepubads.g.doubleclick' : 'pagead2.googlesyndication') + '.net/tag/js/gpt.js';
- t.async = false;
- t.onload = function () {
- var n = d.createElement(s);
- n.src = 'https://fed-libs.nature.com/production/gpt-ads-gtm.min.js';
- n.async = false;
- h.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', n);
- };
- h.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', t);
- })
- }
- })(window, document, 'script');
- </script>
-
- <!-- Google Tag Manager -->
- <script data-test="gtm-head">
- window.initGTM = function() {
- if (window.config.mustardcut) {
- (function (w, d, s, l, i) {
- w[l] = w[l] || [];
- w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'});
- var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
- j = d.createElement(s),
- dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : '';
- j.async = true;
- j.src = 'https://sgtm.nature.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
- f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);
- })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-MRVXSHQ');
- }
- }
- </script>
- <!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
- <script>
- (function(w,d,t) {
- function cc() {
- var h = w.location.hostname;
- if (h === 'preview-www.nature.com') return;
- var e = d.createElement(t),
- s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0];
- e.setAttribute('crossorigin', 'anonymous');
- if (h === 'nature.com' || h.endsWith('.nature.com')) {
- e.src = 'https://cmp.nature.com/production_live/en/compact/consent-bundle-8-latest.js';
- e.setAttribute('onload', "initGTM(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MRVXSHQ')");
- } else {
- e.src = '/oscar-static/js/cookie-consent-es5-bundle-c7e13f01d7.js';
- e.setAttribute('data-consent', h);
- }
- s.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', e);
- }
- cc();
- })(window,document,'script');
- </script>
- <script id="js-position0">
- (function(w, d) {
- var moduleSupport = (function() {
- return 'noModule' in d.createElement('script');
- })();
- if (w.config.mustardcut === true) {
- w.loader = {
- index: 0,
- registered: [],
- scripts: [
-
- {src: '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es6-bundle-cbc02e1280.js', test: 'global-article-js', module: true},
- {src: '/oscar-static/js/global-article-es5-bundle-b79fbee330.js', test: 'global-article-js', nomodule: true},
- {src: '/oscar-static/js/shared-es6-bundle-e7342e1cf7.js', test: 'shared-js', module: true},
- {src: '/oscar-static/js/shared-es5-bundle-1264336e5b.js', test: 'shared-js', nomodule: true},
- {src: '/oscar-static/js/header-150-es6-bundle-8395667412.js', test: 'header-150-js', module: true},
- {src: '/oscar-static/js/header-150-es5-bundle-95c03c3888.js', test: 'header-150-js', nomodule: true}
-
- ].filter(function (s) {
- if (s.src === null) return false;
- if (moduleSupport && s.nomodule) return false;
- return !(!moduleSupport && s.module);
- }),
- register: function (value) {
- this.registered.push(value);
- },
- ready: function () {
- if (this.registered.length === this.scripts.length) {
- this.registered.forEach(function (fn) {
- if (typeof fn === 'function') {
- setTimeout(fn, 0);
- }
- });
- this.ready = function () {};
- }
- },
- insert: function (s) {
- var t = d.getElementById('js-position' + this.index);
- if (t && t.insertAdjacentElement) {
- t.insertAdjacentElement('afterend', s);
- } else {
- d.head.appendChild(s);
- }
- ++this.index;
- },
- createScript: function (script, beforeLoad) {
- var s = d.createElement('script');
- s.id = 'js-position' + (this.index + 1);
- s.setAttribute('data-test', script.test);
- if (beforeLoad) {
- s.defer = 'defer';
- s.onload = function () {
- if (script.noinit) {
- loader.register(true);
- }
- if (d.readyState === 'interactive' || d.readyState === 'complete') {
- loader.ready();
- }
- };
- } else {
- s.async = 'async';
- }
- s.src = script.src;
- return s;
- },
- init: function () {
- this.scripts.forEach(function (s) {
- loader.insert(loader.createScript(s, true));
- });
- d.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () {
- loader.ready();
- var conditionalScripts;
-
- conditionalScripts = [
- {match: 'div[data-pan-container]', src: '/oscar-static/js/pan-zoom-es6-bundle-9055a10868.js', test: 'pan-zoom-js', module: true },
- {match: 'div[data-pan-container]', src: '/oscar-static/js/pan-zoom-es5-bundle-9055a10868.js', test: 'pan-zoom-js', nomodule: true },
- {match: 'math,span.mathjax-tex', src: '/oscar-static/js/math-es6-bundle-8da0cf81d9.js', test: 'math-js', module: true},
- {match: 'math,span.mathjax-tex', src: '/oscar-static/js/math-es5-bundle-8da0cf81d9.js', test: 'math-js', nomodule: true}
- ];
-
- if (conditionalScripts) {
- conditionalScripts.filter(function (script) {
- return !!document.querySelector(script.match) && !((moduleSupport && script.nomodule) || (!moduleSupport && script.module));
- }).forEach(function (script) {
- loader.insert(loader.createScript(script));
- });
- }
- }, false);
- }
- };
- loader.init();
- }
- })(window, document);
- </script>
-
- <meta name="description" content="figure fig-1"/>
-
- <meta name="access" content="No">
- <link rel="search" href="https://www.nature.com/search">
- <link rel="search" href="https://www.nature.com/opensearch/opensearch.xml" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="nature.com">
- <link rel="search" href="https://www.nature.com/opensearch/request" type="application/sru+xml" title="nature.com">
-
- <script type="application/ld+json">{"mainEntity":{"headline":"Spatial assessment of tap-water safety in China","description":"The quality of drinking-water supplies is of fundamental importance to public health and sustainable development. Here, we provide a spatial assessment of the tap-water quality across mainland China. We examine natural and anthropogenic origins of low quality as well as its association with public health risks. By quantifying key indicators, including total organic carbon, ionic conductivity and disinfection by-products (DBPs), we find that precipitation is a crucial factor driving the change of organic matter content and ionic conductivity of tap-water, especially for arid and semi-arid regions. Although the concentration of DBPs is closely related to the organic matter content, the occurrence of highly toxic DBPs is more subject to anthropogenic factors such as economic development and pollution emission. We show that nanofiltration is an effective point-of-use treatment to reduce the adverse effects of DBPs. The present results highlight the potential health hazards associated with low-quality drinking water, suggesting that countries and regions experiencing rapid socioeconomical development might face high levels of DBP toxicity and should consider adoption of sustainability solutions. The importance of ensuring access to clean drinking water is manifested in UN Sustainable Development Goals. Here, a national-level assessment of tap-water safety shows spatial variations across China. The disparity is correlated with natural and anthropogenic factors and linked to public health-risk rates.","datePublished":"2022-06-09T00:00:00Z","dateModified":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","pageStart":"689","pageEnd":"698","sameAs":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-022-00898-5","keywords":["Environmental sciences","Natural hazards","Sustainable Development"],"image":["https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41893-022-00898-5/MediaObjects/41893_2022_898_Fig1_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41893-022-00898-5/MediaObjects/41893_2022_898_Fig2_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41893-022-00898-5/MediaObjects/41893_2022_898_Fig3_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41893-022-00898-5/MediaObjects/41893_2022_898_Fig4_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41893-022-00898-5/MediaObjects/41893_2022_898_Fig5_HTML.png","https://media.springernature.com/lw1200/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41893-022-00898-5/MediaObjects/41893_2022_898_Fig6_HTML.png"],"isPartOf":{"name":"Nature Sustainability","issn":["2398-9629"],"volumeNumber":"5","@type":["Periodical","PublicationVolume"]},"publisher":{"name":"Nature Publishing Group UK","logo":{"url":"https://www.springernature.com/app-sn/public/images/logo-springernature.png","@type":"ImageObject"},"@type":"Organization"},"author":[{"name":"Mengjie Liu","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","address":{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","address":{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Nigel Graham","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College London","address":{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Wenyu Wang","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","address":{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Renzun Zhao","affiliation":[{"name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","address":{"name":"Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, USA","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Yonglong Lu","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University","address":{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"@type":"Person"},{"name":"Menachem Elimelech","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4186-1563","affiliation":[{"name":"Yale University","address":{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, USA","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"menachem.elimelech@yale.edu","@type":"Person"},{"name":"Wenzheng Yu","url":"http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8021","affiliation":[{"name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","address":{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","@type":"PostalAddress"},"@type":"Organization"}],"email":"wzyu@rcees.ac.cn","@type":"Person"}],"isAccessibleForFree":false,"hasPart":{"isAccessibleForFree":false,"cssSelector":".main-content","@type":"WebPageElement"},"@type":"ScholarlyArticle"},"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"WebPage"}</script>
- </head>
- <body class="article-page">
- <div class="position-relative cleared z-index-50 background-white" data-test="top-containers">
- <a class="c-skip-link" href="#content">Skip to main content</a>
- <div class="c-grade-c-banner u-hide">
- <div class="c-grade-c-banner__container">
-
- <p>Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
- the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
- Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
- and JavaScript.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-
-
-
-
- <div class="u-hide u-show-following-ad"></div>
- <aside class="c-ad c-ad--728x90">
- <div class="c-ad__inner" data-container-type="banner-advert">
- <p class="c-ad__label">Advertisement</p>
-
-
- <div id="doubleclickad-container">
- <div id="div-gpt-ad-top-1"
- class="div-gpt-ad advert leaderboard js-ad text-center hide-print grade-c-hide"
- data-ad-type="leaderboard"
- data-pa11y-ignore
- data-test="top-ad"
- data-gpt
- data-gpt-unitpath="/285/natsustain.nature.com/article"
- data-gpt-sizes="728x90"
- data-gpt-targeting="pos=top;type=article;path=/articles/s41893-022-00898-5/figures/fig-1">
-
- <script>
- window.SN = window.SN || {};
- window.SN.libs = window.SN.libs || {};
- window.SN.libs.ads = window.SN.libs.ads || {};
- window.SN.libs.ads.slotConfig = window.SN.libs.ads.slotConfig || {};
-
- window.SN.libs.ads.slotConfig['top'] = {
- 'pos': 'top',
-
-
- 'type': 'article',
-
-
- 'targeting': 'pos=top;type=article;path=/articles/s41893-022-00898-5/figures/fig-1'
-
- };
-
- </script>
- <noscript>
- <a href="//pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/jump?iu=/285/natsustain.nature.com/article&sz=728x90&pos=top;type=article;path=/articles/s41893-022-00898-5/figures/fig-1">
- <img data-test="gpt-advert-fallback-img"
- src="//pubads.g.doubleclick.net/gampad/ad?iu=/285/natsustain.nature.com/article&sz=728x90&pos=top;type=article;path=/articles/s41893-022-00898-5/figures/fig-1"
- alt="Advertisement"
- width="728"
- height="90"/>
- </a>
- </noscript>
- </div>
- </div>
-
-
- </div>
- </aside>
-
-
- <header class="c-header" id="header" data-header data-track-component="nature-150-split-header" style="border-color:#e63323">
- <div class="c-header__row">
- <div class="c-header__container">
- <div class="c-header__split">
-
-
- <div class="c-header__logo-container">
-
- <a href="/natsustain"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="home" data-track-label="image">
- <picture class="c-header__logo">
- <source srcset="https://media.springernature.com/full/nature-cms/uploads/product/natsustain/header-2847213f52bf28106aa7fa5385b7e5c6.svg" media="(min-width: 875px)">
- <img src="https://media.springernature.com/full/nature-cms/uploads/product/natsustain/header-c36a2f881b682adae27127cc806456ae.svg" height="32" alt="Nature Sustainability">
- </picture>
- </a>
-
- </div>
-
- <ul class="c-header__menu c-header__menu--global">
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--padding c-header__item--hide-md-max">
- <a class="c-header__link" href="https://www.nature.com/siteindex" data-test="siteindex-link"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="open nature research index" data-track-label="link">
- <span>View all journals</span>
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--padding c-header__item--pipe c-header__item--hide-md-max">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/saved-research"
- data-test="saved-research-link" data-track="click_saved_research" data-track-context="header">
- <svg class="app-masthead-save-research__icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-marker-unfilled"></use></svg><span>Saved research</span>
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--padding c-header__item--pipe">
- <a class="c-header__link c-header__link--search"
- href="#search-menu"
- data-header-expander
- data-test="search-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="open search tray" data-track-label="button">
- <svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="22" width="22" viewBox="0 0 18 18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M16.48 15.455c.283.282.29.749.007 1.032a.738.738 0 01-1.032-.007l-3.045-3.044a7 7 0 111.026-1.026zM8 14A6 6 0 108 2a6 6 0 000 12z"/></svg><span>Search</span>
- </a>
- </li>
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--padding c-header__item--snid-account-widget c-header__item--pipe">
-
- <a href="https://my-profile.springernature.com"
- id="my-account"
- class="c-header__link placeholder"
- data-test="login-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="my account" data-track-category="nature-150-split-header" data-track-label="link">
- <svg class="u-mr-8" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false">
- <use xlink:href="#icon-eds-i-user-single-medium"></use>
- </svg><span>Account</span>
- </a>
- <a href="https://idp.nature.com/authorize/natureuser?client_id=grover&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41893-022-00898-5%2Ffigures%2Ffig-1"
- id="login-button"
- style="display: none;"
- class="c-header__link placeholder"
- data-test="login-link" data-track="click" data-track-action="login" data-track-category="nature-150-split-header" data-track-label="link">
- <span>Log in</span>
- </a>
-
- </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="c-header__row">
- <div class="c-header__container" data-test="navigation-row">
- <div class="c-header__split">
- <ul class="c-header__menu c-header__menu--journal">
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--dropdown-menu" data-test="explore-content-button">
- <a href="#explore"
- class="c-header__link"
- data-header-expander
- data-test="menu-button--explore"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="open explore expander" data-track-label="button">
- <span class="c-header__show-text-sm">Content</span>
- <span class="c-header__show-text">Explore content</span><svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m5.58578644 3-3.29289322-3.29289322c-.39052429-.39052429-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356s1.02368927-.39052429 1.41421356 0l4 4c.39052429.39052429.39052429 1.02368927 0 1.41421356l-4 4c-.39052429.39052429-1.02368927.39052429-1.41421356 0s-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356z" transform="matrix(0 1 -1 0 11 3)"/></svg>
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--dropdown-menu">
- <a href="#about-the-journal"
- class="c-header__link"
- data-header-expander
- data-test="menu-button--about-the-journal"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="open about the journal expander" data-track-label="button">
- <span>About <span class="c-header__show-text">the journal</span></span><svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m5.58578644 3-3.29289322-3.29289322c-.39052429-.39052429-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356s1.02368927-.39052429 1.41421356 0l4 4c.39052429.39052429.39052429 1.02368927 0 1.41421356l-4 4c-.39052429.39052429-1.02368927.39052429-1.41421356 0s-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356z" transform="matrix(0 1 -1 0 11 3)"/></svg>
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--dropdown-menu" data-test="publish-with-us-button">
- <a href="#publish-with-us"
- class="c-header__link c-header__link--dropdown-menu"
- data-header-expander
- data-test="menu-button--publish"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="open publish with us expander" data-track-label="button">
- <span>Publish <span class="c-header__show-text">with us</span></span><svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m5.58578644 3-3.29289322-3.29289322c-.39052429-.39052429-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356s1.02368927-.39052429 1.41421356 0l4 4c.39052429.39052429.39052429 1.02368927 0 1.41421356l-4 4c-.39052429.39052429-1.02368927.39052429-1.41421356 0s-.39052429-1.02368927 0-1.41421356z" transform="matrix(0 1 -1 0 11 3)"/></svg>
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
-
- </ul>
- <ul class="c-header__menu c-header__menu--hide-lg-max">
-
- <li class="c-header__item" data-test="alert-link">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="https://journal-alerts.springernature.com/subscribe?journal_id=41893"
- rel="nofollow"
- data-track="nav_sign_up_for_alerts"
- data-track-action="Sign up for alerts"
- data-track-label="link (desktop site header)"
- data-track-external>
- <span>Sign up for alerts</span><svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4 10h2.5c.27614237 0 .5.2238576.5.5s-.22385763.5-.5.5h-3.08578644l-1.12132034 1.1213203c-.18753638.1875364-.29289322.4418903-.29289322.7071068v.1715729h14v-.1715729c0-.2652165-.1053568-.5195704-.2928932-.7071068l-1.7071068-1.7071067v-3.4142136c0-2.76142375-2.2385763-5-5-5-2.76142375 0-5 2.23857625-5 5zm3 4c0 1.1045695.8954305 2 2 2s2-.8954305 2-2zm-5 0c-.55228475 0-1-.4477153-1-1v-.1715729c0-.530433.21071368-1.0391408.58578644-1.4142135l1.41421356-1.4142136v-3c0-3.3137085 2.6862915-6 6-6s6 2.6862915 6 6v3l1.4142136 1.4142136c.3750727.3750727.5857864.8837805.5857864 1.4142135v.1715729c0 .5522847-.4477153 1-1 1h-4c0 1.6568542-1.3431458 3-3 3-1.65685425 0-3-1.3431458-3-3z" fill="#222"/></svg>
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--pipe">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/natsustain.rss"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="rss feed"
- data-track-label="link">
- <span>RSS feed</span>
- </a>
- </li>
-
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- </header>
-
- </div>
-
-
-
-
-
- <nav class="u-mb-16" aria-label="breadcrumbs">
- <div class="u-container">
- <ol class="c-breadcrumbs" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList">
- <li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb0" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="c-breadcrumbs__link"
- href="/" itemprop="item"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="breadcrumb" data-track-category="header" data-track-label="link:nature"><span itemprop="name">nature</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1">
- <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" width="10"
- xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
- <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z"
- fill="#666" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/>
- </svg>
- </li><li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb1" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="c-breadcrumbs__link"
- href="/natsustain" itemprop="item"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="breadcrumb" data-track-category="header" data-track-label="link:nature sustainability"><span itemprop="name">nature sustainability</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="2">
- <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" width="10"
- xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
- <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z"
- fill="#666" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/>
- </svg>
- </li><li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb2" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="c-breadcrumbs__link"
- href="/natsustain/articles?type=article" itemprop="item"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="breadcrumb" data-track-category="header" data-track-label="link:articles"><span itemprop="name">articles</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="3">
- <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" width="10"
- xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
- <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z"
- fill="#666" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/>
- </svg>
- </li><li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb3" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"><a class="c-breadcrumbs__link"
- href="/articles/s41893-022-00898-5" itemprop="item"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="breadcrumb" data-track-category="header" data-track-label="link:article"><span itemprop="name">article</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="4">
- <svg class="c-breadcrumbs__chevron" role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="10" viewBox="0 0 10 10" width="10"
- xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
- <path d="m5.96738168 4.70639573 2.39518594-2.41447274c.37913917-.38219212.98637524-.38972225 1.35419292-.01894278.37750606.38054586.37784436.99719163-.00013556 1.37821513l-4.03074001 4.06319683c-.37758093.38062133-.98937525.38100976-1.367372-.00003075l-4.03091981-4.06337806c-.37759778-.38063832-.38381821-.99150444-.01600053-1.3622839.37750607-.38054587.98772445-.38240057 1.37006824.00302197l2.39538588 2.4146743.96295325.98624457z"
- fill="#666" fill-rule="evenodd" transform="matrix(0 -1 1 0 0 10)"/>
- </svg>
- </li><li class="c-breadcrumbs__item" id="breadcrumb4" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem">
- <span itemprop="name">figure</span><meta itemprop="position" content="5"></li>
- </ol>
- </div>
- </nav>
-
-
- <div role="main" id="content" class="position-relative z-index-1">
- <div class="u-container u-mt-32 u-mb-32 u-clearfix">
-
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <nav class="c-header__dropdown" aria-labelledby="Explore-content" data-test="Explore-content" id="explore" data-track-component="nature-150-split-header">
- <div class="c-header__container">
- <h2 id="Explore-content" class="c-header__heading c-header__heading--js-hide">Explore content</h2>
- <ul class="c-header__list c-header__list--js-stack">
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/research-articles"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="research articles"
- data-track-label="link"
- data-test="explore-nav-item">
- Research articles
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/reviews-and-analysis"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="reviews & analysis"
- data-track-label="link"
- data-test="explore-nav-item">
- Reviews & Analysis
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/news-and-comment"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="news & comment"
- data-track-label="link"
- data-test="explore-nav-item">
- News & Comment
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/current-issue"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="current issue"
- data-track-label="link"
- data-test="explore-nav-item">
- Current issue
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/collections"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="collections"
- data-track-label="link"
- data-test="explore-nav-item">
- Collections
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
- </ul>
- <ul class="c-header__list c-header__list--js-stack">
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="https://www.facebook.com/NatureSustainability"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="facebook"
- data-track-label="link">Follow us on Facebook
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="https://twitter.com/naturesustainab"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="twitter"
- data-track-label="link">Follow us on X
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--hide-lg">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="https://journal-alerts.springernature.com/subscribe?journal_id=41893"
- rel="nofollow"
- data-track="nav_sign_up_for_alerts"
- data-track-action="Sign up for alerts"
- data-track-external
- data-track-label="link (mobile dropdown)">Sign up for alerts<svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m4 10h2.5c.27614237 0 .5.2238576.5.5s-.22385763.5-.5.5h-3.08578644l-1.12132034 1.1213203c-.18753638.1875364-.29289322.4418903-.29289322.7071068v.1715729h14v-.1715729c0-.2652165-.1053568-.5195704-.2928932-.7071068l-1.7071068-1.7071067v-3.4142136c0-2.76142375-2.2385763-5-5-5-2.76142375 0-5 2.23857625-5 5zm3 4c0 1.1045695.8954305 2 2 2s2-.8954305 2-2zm-5 0c-.55228475 0-1-.4477153-1-1v-.1715729c0-.530433.21071368-1.0391408.58578644-1.4142135l1.41421356-1.4142136v-3c0-3.3137085 2.6862915-6 6-6s6 2.6862915 6 6v3l1.4142136 1.4142136c.3750727.3750727.5857864.8837805.5857864 1.4142135v.1715729c0 .5522847-.4477153 1-1 1h-4c0 1.6568542-1.3431458 3-3 3-1.65685425 0-3-1.3431458-3-3z" fill="#fff"/></svg>
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--hide-lg">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/natsustain.rss"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="rss feed"
- data-track-label="link">
- <span>RSS feed</span>
- </a>
- </li>
-
- </ul>
- </div>
- </nav>
-
-
-
- <nav class="c-header__dropdown" aria-labelledby="About-the-journal" id="about-the-journal" data-test="about-the-journal" data-track-component="nature-150-split-header">
- <div class="c-header__container">
- <h2 id="About-the-journal" class="c-header__heading c-header__heading--js-hide">About the journal</h2>
- <ul class="c-header__list c-header__list--js-stack">
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/aims"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="aims & scope"
- data-track-label="link">
- Aims & Scope
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/journal-information"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="journal information"
- data-track-label="link">
- Journal Information
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/journal-impact"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="journal metrics"
- data-track-label="link">
- Journal Metrics
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/editors"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="about the editors"
- data-track-label="link">
- About the Editors
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/research-cross-journal-editorial-team"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="research cross-journal editorial team"
- data-track-label="link">
- Research Cross-Journal Editorial Team
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/reviews-cross-journal-editorial-team"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="reviews cross-journal editorial team"
- data-track-label="link">
- Reviews Cross-Journal Editorial Team
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/our-publishing-models"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="our publishing models"
- data-track-label="link">
- Our publishing models
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/editorial-values-statement"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="editorial values statement"
- data-track-label="link">
- Editorial Values Statement
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/editorial-policies"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="editorial policies"
- data-track-label="link">
- Editorial Policies
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/content"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="content types"
- data-track-label="link">
- Content Types
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/community"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="community"
- data-track-label="link">
- Community
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/expertpanels"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="expert panels"
- data-track-label="link">
- Expert panels
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/advisory-panel"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="advisory panel"
- data-track-label="link">
- Advisory Panel
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/contact"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="contact"
- data-track-label="link">
- Contact
- </a>
- </li>
-
- </ul>
- </div>
- </nav>
-
-
- <nav class="c-header__dropdown" aria-labelledby="Publish-with-us-label" id="publish-with-us" data-test="publish-with-us" data-track-component="nature-150-split-header">
- <div class="c-header__container">
- <h2 id="Publish-with-us-label" class="c-header__heading c-header__heading--js-hide">Publish with us</h2>
- <ul class="c-header__list c-header__list--js-stack">
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/submission-guidelines"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="submission guidelines"
- data-track-label="link">
- Submission Guidelines
- </a>
- </li>
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/for-reviewers"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-action="for reviewers"
- data-track-label="link">
- For Reviewers
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link" data-test="nature-author-services"
- data-track="nav_language_services"
- data-track-context="header publish with us dropdown menu"
- data-track-action="manuscript author services"
- data-track-label="link manuscript author services"
- href="https://authorservices.springernature.com/go/sn/?utm_source=For+Authors&utm_medium=Website_Nature&utm_campaign=Platform+Experimentation+2022&utm_id=PE2022">
- Language editing services
- </a>
- </li>
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="/natsustain/open-access-funding"
- data-test="funding-eligibility-link"
- data-track="click_explore_funding"
- data-track-context="header publish with us"
- data-track-action="funding eligibility">Open access funding</a>
- </li>
-
-
- <li class="c-header__item c-header__item--keyline">
- <a class="c-header__link"
- href="https://mts-natsustain.nature.com/cgi-bin/main.plex"
- data-track="click_submit_manuscript"
- data-track-context="submit link in Nature header dropdown menu"
- data-track-action="submit manuscript"
- data-track-label="link (publish with us dropdown menu)"
- data-track-external
- data-gtm-criteo="submit-manuscript">Submit manuscript<svg role="img" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" width="18" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m15 0c1.1045695 0 2 .8954305 2 2v5.5c0 .27614237-.2238576.5-.5.5s-.5-.22385763-.5-.5v-5.5c0-.51283584-.3860402-.93550716-.8833789-.99327227l-.1166211-.00672773h-9v3c0 1.1045695-.8954305 2-2 2h-3v10c0 .5128358.38604019.9355072.88337887.9932723l.11662113.0067277h7.5c.27614237 0 .5.2238576.5.5s-.22385763.5-.5.5h-7.5c-1.1045695 0-2-.8954305-2-2v-10.17157288c0-.53043297.21071368-1.0391408.58578644-1.41421356l3.82842712-3.82842712c.37507276-.37507276.88378059-.58578644 1.41421356-.58578644zm-.5442863 8.18867991 3.3545404 3.35454039c.2508994.2508994.2538696.6596433.0035959.909917-.2429543.2429542-.6561449.2462671-.9065387-.0089489l-2.2609825-2.3045251.0010427 7.2231989c0 .3569916-.2898381.6371378-.6473715.6371378-.3470771 0-.6473715-.2852563-.6473715-.6371378l-.0010428-7.2231995-2.2611222 2.3046654c-.2531661.2580415-.6562868.2592444-.9065605.0089707-.24295423-.2429542-.24865597-.6576651.0036132-.9099343l3.3546673-3.35466731c.2509089-.25090888.6612706-.25227691.9135302-.00001728zm-.9557137-3.18867991c.2761424 0 .5.22385763.5.5s-.2238576.5-.5.5h-6c-.27614237 0-.5-.22385763-.5-.5s.22385763-.5.5-.5zm-8.5-3.587-3.587 3.587h2.587c.55228475 0 1-.44771525 1-1zm8.5 1.587c.2761424 0 .5.22385763.5.5s-.2238576.5-.5.5h-6c-.27614237 0-.5-.22385763-.5-.5s.22385763-.5.5-.5z" fill="#fff"/></svg>
- </a>
- </li>
-
- </ul>
- </div>
- </nav>
-
-
- <script>
- window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
- window.dataLayer.push({
- page: {
- content: {
- fundingWidget: "true",
- }
- }
- });
- </script>
- <div id="search-menu" class="c-header__dropdown c-header__dropdown--full-width" data-track-component="nature-150-split-header">
- <div class="c-header__container">
- <h2 class="c-header__visually-hidden">Search</h2>
- <form class="c-header__search-form" action="/search" method="get" role="search" autocomplete="off" data-test="inline-search">
- <label class="c-header__heading" for="keywords">Search articles by subject, keyword or author</label>
- <div class="c-header__search-layout c-header__search-layout--max-width">
- <div>
- <input type="text" required="" class="c-header__input" id="keywords" name="q" value="">
- </div>
- <div class="c-header__search-layout">
- <div>
- <label for="results-from" class="c-header__visually-hidden">Show results from</label>
- <select id="results-from" name="journal" class="c-header__select">
-
-
- <option value="" selected>All journals</option>
- <option value="natsustain">This journal</option>
-
-
- </select>
- </div>
- <div>
- <button type="submit" class="c-header__search-button">Search</button>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </form>
- <div class="c-header__flush">
- <a class="c-header__link" href="/search/advanced"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="advanced search" data-track-label="link">
- Advanced search
- </a>
- </div>
- <h3 class="c-header__heading c-header__heading--keyline">Quick links</h3>
- <ul class="c-header__list">
- <li><a class="c-header__link" href="/subjects" data-track="click" data-track-action="explore articles by subject" data-track-label="link">Explore articles by subject</a></li>
- <li><a class="c-header__link" href="/naturecareers" data-track="click" data-track-action="find a job" data-track-label="link">Find a job</a></li>
- <li><a class="c-header__link" href="/authors/index.html" data-track="click" data-track-action="guide to authors" data-track-label="link">Guide to authors</a></li>
- <li><a class="c-header__link" href="/authors/editorial_policies/" data-track="click" data-track-action="editorial policies" data-track-label="link">Editorial policies</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <footer class="composite-layer" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Periodical">
- <meta itemprop="publisher" content="Springer Nature">
-
- <div class="u-mt-16 u-mb-16">
- <div class="u-container">
- <div class="u-display-flex u-flex-wrap u-justify-content-space-between">
-
- <div class="c-meta u-ma-0 u-flex-shrink" data-test="journal-meta-data">
- <p class="c-meta__item c-meta__type u-mt-0">
- <span itemprop="name">
- Nature Sustainability
- </span>
- (<i itemprop="alternateName">Nat Sustain</i>)
- </p>
-
-
- <p class="c-meta__item u-mt-0">
- <abbr title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</abbr> <span itemprop="issn">2398-9629</span> (online)
- </p>
-
-
-
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer">
- <div class="u-hide-print" data-track-component="footer">
- <h2 class="u-visually-hidden">nature.com footer links</h2>
- <div class="c-footer__container">
- <div class="c-footer__grid c-footer__group--separator">
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">About Nature Portfolio</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/npg_/company_info/index.html"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="about us"
- data-track-label="link">About us</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/npg_/press_room/press_releases.html"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="press releases"
- data-track-label="link">Press releases</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://press.nature.com/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="press office"
- data-track-label="link">Press office</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://support.nature.com/support/home"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="contact us"
- data-track-label="link">Contact us</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">Discover content</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/siteindex"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="journals a-z"
- data-track-label="link">Journals A-Z</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/subjects"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="article by subject"
- data-track-label="link">Articles by subject</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.protocols.io/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="protocols.io"
- data-track-label="link">protocols.io</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.natureindex.com/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature index"
- data-track-label="link">Nature Index</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">Publishing policies</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="Nature portfolio policies"
- data-track-label="link">Nature portfolio policies</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/nature-research/open-access"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="open access"
- data-track-label="link">Open access</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">Author & Researcher services</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/reprints"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="reprints and permissions"
- data-track-label="link">Reprints & permissions</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/authors/research-data"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="data research service"
- data-track-label="link">Research data</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://authorservices.springernature.com/language-editing/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="language editing"
- data-track-label="link">Language editing</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://authorservices.springernature.com/scientific-editing/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="scientific editing"
- data-track-label="link">Scientific editing</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://masterclasses.nature.com/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature masterclasses"
- data-track-label="link">Nature Masterclasses</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://solutions.springernature.com/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="research solutions"
- data-track-label="link">Research Solutions</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">Libraries & institutions</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/tools-services"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="librarian service and tools"
- data-track-label="link">Librarian service & tools</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/manage-your-account/librarianportal"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="librarian portal"
- data-track-label="link">Librarian portal</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/openresearch/about-open-access/information-for-institutions"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="open research"
- data-track-label="link">Open research</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.springernature.com/gp/librarians/recommend-to-your-library"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="Recommend to library"
- data-track-label="link">Recommend to library</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">Advertising & partnerships</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://partnerships.nature.com/product/digital-advertising/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="advertising"
- data-track-label="link">Advertising</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://partnerships.nature.com/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="partnerships and services"
- data-track-label="link">Partnerships & Services</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://partnerships.nature.com/media-kits/" data-track="click"
- data-track-action="media kits" data-track-label="link">Media kits</a>
- </li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://partnerships.nature.com/product/branded-content-native-advertising/"
- data-track-action="branded content" data-track-label="link">Branded
- content</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">Professional development</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/immersive/natureawards/index.html"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature awards"
- data-track-label="link">Nature Awards</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/naturecareers/"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature careers"
- data-track-label="link">Nature Careers</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://conferences.nature.com"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature conferences"
- data-track-label="link">Nature<span class="u-visually-hidden"> </span>
- Conferences</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__group">
- <h3 class="c-footer__heading u-mt-0">Regional websites</h3>
- <ul class="c-footer__list">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/natafrica"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature africa"
- data-track-label="link">Nature Africa</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="http://www.naturechina.com"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature china"
- data-track-label="link">Nature China</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/nindia"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature india"
- data-track-label="link">Nature India</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.natureasia.com/ja-jp"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature japan"
- data-track-label="link">Nature Japan</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/nmiddleeast"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="nature middle east"
- data-track-label="link">Nature Middle East</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__container">
- <ul class="c-footer__links">
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/info/privacy"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="privacy policy" data-track-label="link">Privacy
- Policy</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/info/cookies"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="use of cookies" data-track-label="link">Use
- of cookies</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item">
- <button class="optanon-toggle-display c-footer__link" onclick="javascript:;"
- data-cc-action="preferences" data-track="click" data-track-action="manage cookies"
- data-track-label="link">Your privacy choices/Manage cookies
- </button>
- </li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/info/legal-notice"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="legal notice" data-track-label="link">Legal
- notice</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link"
- href="https://www.nature.com/info/accessibility-statement" data-track="click"
- data-track-action="accessibility statement" data-track-label="link">Accessibility
- statement</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.nature.com/info/terms-and-conditions"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="terms and conditions"
- data-track-label="link">Terms & Conditions</a></li>
- <li class="c-footer__item"><a class="c-footer__link" href="https://www.springernature.com/ccpa"
- data-track="click" data-track-action="california privacy statement"
- data-track-label="link">Your US state privacy rights</a></li>
-
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="c-footer__container">
- <a href="https://www.springernature.com/" class="c-footer__link">
- <img src="/oscar-static/images/logos/sn-logo-white-c8f7a9c061.svg" alt="Springer Nature" loading="lazy" width="200" height="20"/>
- </a>
- <p class="c-footer__legal" data-test="copyright">© 2026 Springer Nature Limited</p>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="u-visually-hidden" aria-hidden="true">
-
- <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><defs><path id="a" d="M0 .74h56.72v55.24H0z"/></defs><symbol id="icon-access" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14 8a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v7h2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5V18H0v-1.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5H3V9a1 1 0 1 1 2 0v7h8V9a1 1 0 0 1 1-1M6 8l2 1v5l-2 1zm6 0v7l-2-1V9zM9.573.401l7.036 4.925A.92.92 0 0 1 16.081 7H1.92a.92.92 0 0 1-.528-1.674L8.427.401a1 1 0 0 1 1.146 0M9 2.441 5.345 5h7.31z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-account" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.238 16.905a7.96 7.96 0 0 0 3.53-1.48c-.874-2.514-2.065-3.936-3.768-4.319V9.83a3.001 3.001 0 1 0-2 0v1.277c-1.703.383-2.894 1.805-3.767 4.319A7.96 7.96 0 0 0 9 17q.629 0 1.238-.095m4.342-2.172a8 8 0 1 0-11.16 0c.757-2.017 1.84-3.608 3.49-4.322a4 4 0 1 1 4.182 0c1.649.714 2.731 2.305 3.488 4.322M9 18A9 9 0 1 1 9 0a9 9 0 0 1 0 18"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-alert" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 10h2.5a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1H3.414l-1.121 1.121a1 1 0 0 0-.293.707V13h14v-.172a1 1 0 0 0-.293-.707L14 10.414V7A5 5 0 0 0 4 7zm3 4a2 2 0 1 0 4 0zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.172a2 2 0 0 1 .586-1.414L3 10V7a6 6 0 1 1 12 0v3l1.414 1.414A2 2 0 0 1 17 12.828V13a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-4a3 3 0 0 1-6 0z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-arrow-broad" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.897 12.028v-7.69l-2.45 2.446c-.387.388-1.009.395-1.385.02a.986.986 0 0 1 0-1.397l4.123-4.118a.99.99 0 0 1 1.398 0l4.123 4.118a.976.976 0 0 1 .016 1.38.99.99 0 0 1-1.401-.002l-2.45-2.447v8.676c0 .541-.437.98-.985.982L.987 14a.987.987 0 1 1 0-1.972z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-arrow-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m3.283 11.53 4.031 4.176a.943.943 0 0 0 1.367 0l4.031-4.176c.378-.391.384-1.02.016-1.4a.94.94 0 0 0-1.37.003l-2.395 2.482V1L8.956.883C8.901.386 8.493 0 7.998 0s-.903.386-.959.883L7.033 1v11.615l-2.396-2.482c-.379-.393-.986-.4-1.354-.02a1.027 1.027 0 0 0 0 1.417"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.47 3.283.294 7.314a.943.943 0 0 0 0 1.367l4.176 4.031c.391.378 1.02.384 1.4.016a.94.94 0 0 0-.003-1.37L3.385 8.963H15l.117-.007c.497-.055.883-.463.883-.958s-.386-.903-.883-.959L15 7.033H3.385l2.482-2.396c.393-.379.4-.986.02-1.354a1.027 1.027 0 0 0-1.417 0"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m11.53 12.717 4.176-4.031a.943.943 0 0 0 0-1.367L11.53 3.288c-.391-.378-1.02-.384-1.4-.016a.94.94 0 0 0 .003 1.37l2.482 2.395H1l-.117.007C.386 7.099 0 7.507 0 8.002s.386.903.883.959L1 8.967h11.615l-2.482 2.396c-.393.379-.4.986-.02 1.354a1.027 1.027 0 0 0 1.417 0"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-arrow-sub" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.897 4.972v7.69l-2.45-2.446c-.387-.388-1.009-.395-1.385-.02a.986.986 0 0 0 0 1.397l4.123 4.118a.99.99 0 0 0 1.398 0l4.123-4.118a.976.976 0 0 0 .016-1.38.99.99 0 0 0-1.401.002l-2.45 2.447V3.986a.98.98 0 0 0-.985-.982L.987 3a.987.987 0 1 0 0 1.972z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.717 4.47 8.686.294a.943.943 0 0 0-1.367 0L3.288 4.47c-.378.391-.384 1.02-.016 1.4a.94.94 0 0 0 1.37-.003l2.395-2.482V15l.007.117c.055.497.463.883.958.883s.903-.386.959-.883L8.967 15V3.385l2.396 2.482c.379.393.986.4 1.354.02a1.027 1.027 0 0 0 0-1.417"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-article" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13 15V2.01q-.002-.011.001-.01H2v13.006c0 .548.446.994.994.994h10.274A2 2 0 0 1 13 15m-12 .006V2C1 1.445 1.447 1 1.999 1H13c.552 0 .999.452.999 1.01V5h3v9.991A2.003 2.003 0 0 1 15.006 17H2.994C1.894 17 1 16.107 1 15.006M14 6v9a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V6zM4 4h7v4H4zm1 1v2h5V5zM4 9h7v1H4zm0 2h7v1H4zm0 2h7v1H4z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-audio" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.096 13.559a.503.503 0 0 1-.707 0 .493.493 0 0 1 0-.702A5.41 5.41 0 0 0 13.998 9a5.41 5.41 0 0 0-1.609-3.856.493.493 0 0 1 0-.701.503.503 0 0 1 .708 0A6.4 6.4 0 0 1 15 9a6.4 6.4 0 0 1-1.904 4.559m2.123 2.102a.503.503 0 0 1-.707 0 .493.493 0 0 1 0-.7A8.37 8.37 0 0 0 17 9a8.37 8.37 0 0 0-2.488-5.96c-.195-.193-.195-.507 0-.7s.513-.194.708 0A9.36 9.36 0 0 1 18 9a9.36 9.36 0 0 1-2.78 6.661M1 11.976c-.552 0-1-.444-1-.992V7.016a.996.996 0 0 1 1-.992h2l5.42-3.84a1.005 1.005 0 0 1 1.395.231c.122.169.187.37.187.577v12.016a.996.996 0 0 1-1 .992c-.209 0-.412-.065-.582-.185L3 11.975zm0-.992h2.321l5.68 4.024V2.992l-5.68 4.024h-2.32z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-block" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-book" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 13V2h1v11h11V2H3a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v10.268A2 2 0 0 1 3 13zm12 1H3a1 1 0 0 0 0 2h13zm0 3H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h13a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v14a1 1 0 0 1-1 1M7.5 4h6a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-6a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1m1 2h4a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-4a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-broad" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11 16.995v-7.8l-2.482 2.482c-.392.393-1.022.4-1.403.02a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.417l4.177-4.176a1 1 0 0 1 1.416 0l4.177 4.176a.99.99 0 0 1 .016 1.4 1 1 0 0 1-1.42-.003L13 9.195v8.8c0 .55-.443.995-.998.996L4 18.995a1 1 0 0 1 0-2z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-calendar" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.5 0c.276 0 .5.215.5.49V1h2c1.107 0 2 .895 2 2v12c0 1.107-.895 2-2 2H3c-1.107 0-2-.895-2-2V3c0-1.107.895-2 2-2h1v1H3c-.554 0-1 .446-1 1v3h14V3c0-.554-.446-1-1-1h-2v1.51a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.49.49.49 0 0 1-.5-.49V.49a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.49M16 7H2v8c0 .554.446 1 1 1h12c.554 0 1-.446 1-1zM5 13v1H4v-1zm3 0v1H7v-1zm3 0v1h-1v-1zm-6-2v1H4v-1zm3 0v1H7v-1zm6 0v1h-1v-1zm-3 0v1h-1v-1zM8 9v1H7V9zm6 0v1h-1V9zm-3 0v1h-1V9zM5.5 0c.276 0 .5.215.5.49V1h5v1H6v1.51a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.49.49.49 0 0 1-.5-.49V.49A.5.5 0 0 1 5.5 0"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-cart" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M5 14a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4m10 0a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4M5 15a1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0-2m10 0a1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0-2M2.18 0a1 1 0 0 1 .98.804L3.4 2H16.76a1 1 0 0 1 .978 1.21l-1.29 5.986c-.102.468-.544.804-1.058.804H5.143c-.592 0-1.072.448-1.072 1 0 .513.414.936.947.993l.125.007h10.36a.498.498 0 0 1 0 .996L5.142 13C3.959 13 3 12.105 3 11c0-.663.345-1.25.877-1.614l-1.638-8.19a1 1 0 0 1-.02-.195L.5 1a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm14.532 3H3.599l1.205 6.025A2 2 0 0 1 5.143 9h10.27z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-less" viewBox="0 0 10 10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m5 3.414 3.293 3.293a1 1 0 0 0 1.414-1.414l-4-4a1 1 0 0 0-1.414 0l-4 4a1 1 0 0 0 1.414 1.414z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-more" viewBox="0 0 10 10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m5 6.586 3.293-3.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-4 4a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-4-4a1 1 0 1 1 1.414-1.414z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-right" viewBox="0 0 10 10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.706 4.033 2.292 1.637A.953.953 0 0 1 2.273.283a.98.98 0 0 1 1.378 0l4.063 4.031c.381.378.381.99 0 1.367L3.651 9.712a.97.97 0 0 1-1.362.016.96.96 0 0 1 .003-1.37l2.414-2.395L5.693 5z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-circle-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 14A6 6 0 1 1 8 2a6 6 0 0 1 0 12"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-circle" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8 12a4 4 0 1 0 0-8 4 4 0 0 0 0 8m0 2A6 6 0 1 1 8 2a6 6 0 0 1 0 12"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-citation" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.636 6a4 4 0 0 1 2.174 7.358 6.23 6.23 0 0 1 3.462 3.641h-1.077a5.22 5.22 0 0 0-2.769-2.718l-.79-.33v-1.023l.63-.41a3 3 0 1 0-3.26 0l.63.41v1.024l-.79.329a5.22 5.22 0 0 0-2.77 2.718H3a6.23 6.23 0 0 1 3.461-3.641A4 4 0 0 1 8.636 6m7.369-5C17.107 1 18 1.894 18 3.003v5.994A2 2 0 0 1 16.005 11L13 10.999v-1h3.005c.549 0 .995-.447.995-1.002V3.003A.997.997 0 0 0 16.005 2H1.995A1 1 0 0 0 1 3.003V9q0 1 1 1l2-.001v1H2c-1 0-2-1-2-2V3.004C0 1.897.893 1 1.995 1zM7.5 4a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-4a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1zm3 0a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-1a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1zm4 0a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-2a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-close" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2.297 12.277a1.007 1.007 0 0 0 0 1.427 1.006 1.006 0 0 0 1.426 0L8 9.425l4.277 4.277a1.007 1.007 0 0 0 1.427 0 1.006 1.006 0 0 0 0-1.426L9.425 8l4.277-4.277a1.007 1.007 0 0 0 0-1.427 1.006 1.006 0 0 0-1.426 0L8 6.575 3.723 2.297a1.007 1.007 0 0 0-1.427 0 1.006 1.006 0 0 0 0 1.426L6.575 8z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-collections" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M15 4a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7a2 2 0 0 1-2-2h1a1 1 0 0 0 .883.993L7 16h8a1 1 0 0 0 .993-.883L16 15V6a1 1 0 0 0-.883-.993L15 5h-1V4zm-4-3a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2zm0 1H3a1 1 0 0 0-.993.883L2 3v9a1 1 0 0 0 .883.993L3 13h8a1 1 0 0 0 .993-.883L12 12V3a1 1 0 0 0-.883-.993zM9.5 9a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1zm0-2a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1zm0-2a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-compare" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 3a6 6 0 1 1-3 11.197A6 6 0 1 1 9 3.803a5.96 5.96 0 0 1 3-.803M6 4a5 5 0 1 0 2.085 9.546C6.808 12.446 6 10.817 6 9s.808-3.446 2.084-4.546A5 5 0 0 0 6 4m6 0c-.744 0-1.45.162-2.085.454C11.192 5.554 12 7.183 12 9s-.808 3.446-2.084 4.546A5 5 0 1 0 12 4m-1.416 7H7.416q.236.538.585 1.001h1.998q.35-.463.585-1M11 9H7q.001.515.1 1.001h3.8q.099-.486.1-1.001m-.416-2H7.416A5 5 0 0 0 7.1 8h3.8a5 5 0 0 0-.316-1M9.001 5l-.083.063A5 5 0 0 0 8 6h2a5 5 0 0 0-.999-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-download-file" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.005 0c.55 0 1.318.323 1.707.712l4.576 4.576c.393.393.712 1.168.712 1.714v8.99C17 17.1 16.105 18 15.006 18H2.994A1.994 1.994 0 0 1 1 16.005V1.995C1 .893 1.887 0 3 0zm0 1H3c-.557 0-1 .443-1 .995v14.01c0 .55.445.995.994.995h12.012c.546 0 .994-.45.994-1.009V7.002c0-.283-.215-.803-.419-1.007L11.005 1.42c-.204-.204-.719-.419-1-.419M8.5 5c.276 0 .5.216.5.492v6.148l1.746-1.78a.497.497 0 0 1 .7-.006.5.5 0 0 1-.002.702l-2.591 2.591a.5.5 0 0 1-.706 0l-2.59-2.59a.5.5 0 0 1-.004-.704.49.49 0 0 1 .7.007L8 11.64V5.492C8 5.22 8.232 5 8.5 5"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-download" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.998 13a.999.999 0 1 1 0 2H3.002A1.006 1.006 0 0 1 2 14c0-.557.449-1 1.002-1zM8 1c.552 0 1 .445 1 .996v6.802l2.482-2.482c.392-.393 1.022-.401 1.403-.02a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.417l-4.177 4.178a1 1 0 0 1-1.416 0L3.115 7.713a.99.99 0 0 1-.016-1.4 1 1 0 0 1 1.42.002L7 8.798V1.996C7 1.446 7.444 1 8 1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-editors" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M8.726 2.546A3 3 0 1 0 5.37 7.519l.63.409v1.024l-.79.329A5.22 5.22 0 0 0 2 14.099V15H1v-.901a6.22 6.22 0 0 1 3.825-5.741 4 4 0 1 1 4.976-6.213 5 5 0 0 0-1.075.4M6 17H5v-.901a6.22 6.22 0 0 1 3.825-5.741 4 4 0 1 1 4.349 0A6.22 6.22 0 0 1 17 16.099V17h-1v-.901a5.22 5.22 0 0 0-3.21-4.818l-.79-.33V9.929l.63-.409a3 3 0 1 0-3.26 0l.63.409v1.024l-.79.329A5.22 5.22 0 0 0 6 16.099z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-email" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M16.005 2A2 2 0 0 1 18 4.006v9.988A2 2 0 0 1 16.005 16H1.995A2 2 0 0 1 0 13.994V4.006A2 2 0 0 1 1.995 2zm0 1H1.995A1 1 0 0 0 1 4.006v9.988A1 1 0 0 0 1.995 15h14.01A1 1 0 0 0 17 13.994V4.006A1 1 0 0 0 16.005 3M16 5.557V7l-7 4-7-4V5.557l7 4z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-error" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 0a9 9 0 1 1 0 18A9 9 0 0 1 9 0m2.863 4.711L9 7.574 6.137 4.711a1.007 1.007 0 0 0-1.427 0 1.006 1.006 0 0 0 .001 1.426L7.574 9l-2.863 2.863a1.007 1.007 0 0 0 0 1.427 1.006 1.006 0 0 0 1.426-.001L9 10.426l2.863 2.863a1.007 1.007 0 0 0 1.427 0 1.006 1.006 0 0 0-.001-1.426L10.426 9l2.863-2.863a1.007 1.007 0 0 0 0-1.427 1.006 1.006 0 0 0-1.426.001"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-ethics" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m6.764 1.414.833-.833a1.984 1.984 0 0 1 2.806 0l.833.833A2 2 0 0 0 12.65 2H14a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v1.35a2 2 0 0 0 .586 1.414l.833.833a1.984 1.984 0 0 1 0 2.806l-.833.833A2 2 0 0 0 16 12.65V14a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-1.35a2 2 0 0 0-1.414.586l-.833.833a1.984 1.984 0 0 1-2.806 0l-.833-.833A2 2 0 0 0 5.35 16H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-1.35a2 2 0 0 0-.586-1.414l-.833-.833a1.984 1.984 0 0 1 0-2.806l.833-.833A2 2 0 0 0 2 5.35V4a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h1.35a2 2 0 0 0 1.414-.586M5.35 3H4a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v1.35a3 3 0 0 1-.879 2.121l-.833.833a.984.984 0 0 0 0 1.392l.833.833A3 3 0 0 1 3 12.65V14a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h1.35a3 3 0 0 1 2.121.879l.833.833a.984.984 0 0 0 1.392 0l.833-.833A3 3 0 0 1 12.65 15H14a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1.35a3 3 0 0 1 .879-2.121l.833-.833a.984.984 0 0 0 0-1.392l-.833-.833A3 3 0 0 1 15 5.35V4a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-1.35a3 3 0 0 1-2.121-.879l-.833-.833a.984.984 0 0 0-1.392 0l-.833.833A3 3 0 0 1 5.35 3m3.587 11.496a1 1 0 0 1-.064.003 5.5 5.5 0 0 1-2.759-.816.5.5 0 0 1 .526-.85 4.5 4.5 0 0 0 2.256.666q.026 0 .052.004L9 13.5a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 3.493-7.338.5.5 0 1 1 .775-.631A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 9 14.5zm1.58-10.784a.5.5 0 0 1-.276.961 4.5 4.5 0 0 0-1.156-.172C6.527 4.5 4.5 6.503 4.5 9c0 .627.128 1.235.373 1.796a.5.5 0 1 1-.917.4A5.5 5.5 0 0 1 3.5 9c0-3.052 2.477-5.5 5.594-5.5.486.009.963.08 1.422.212m-1.977 6.41 2.698-2.946a.5.5 0 0 1 .762.648l-3.016 3.343a.5.5 0 0 1-.693.047L6.36 9.592A.5.5 0 1 1 7 8.824z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-expand"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.498 11.918a.997.997 0 0 0-.003-1.411.995.995 0 0 0-1.412-.003l-4.102 4.102v-3.51A1 1 0 0 0 .98 10.09.99.99 0 0 0 0 11.092V17c0 .554.448 1.002 1.002 1.002h5.907c.554 0 1.002-.45 1.002-1.003 0-.539-.45-.978-1.006-.978h-3.51zm3.005-5.835a.997.997 0 0 0 .003 1.412.995.995 0 0 0 1.411.003l4.103-4.103v3.51a1 1 0 0 0 1.001 1.006A.99.99 0 0 0 18 6.91V1.002A1 1 0 0 0 17 0h-5.907a1.003 1.003 0 0 0-1.002 1.003c0 .539.45.978 1.006.978h3.51z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-explore" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 17A8 8 0 1 0 9 1a8 8 0 0 0 0 16m0 1A9 9 0 1 1 9 0a9 9 0 0 1 0 18m0-2.5a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1 5.5 5.5 0 0 0 5.497-5.317.5.5 0 1 1 1 .032A6.5 6.5 0 0 1 9 15.5M8.71 2.506a.5.5 0 1 1 .043 1A5.5 5.5 0 0 0 3.5 9a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0 6.5 6.5 0 0 1 6.21-6.494m1.137 8.048-1.2-1.2a.5.5 0 1 1 .707-.708l1.2 1.2 1.6-4-4.506 1.802-1.803 4.507zM13.95 4.05l-2.67 6.673a1 1 0 0 1-.557.557L4.05 13.95l2.67-6.673a1 1 0 0 1 .557-.557z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-filter" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M14.974 0C15.54 0 16 .448 16 1c0 .242-.09.476-.254.658L10.052 8v5.5a1 1 0 0 1-.41.8L7.59 15.8a1.044 1.044 0 0 1-1.437-.2 1 1 0 0 1-.205-.6V8L.254 1.658A.98.98 0 0 1 .35.248C.537.087.778 0 1.026 0zM9.052 8.5H6.947v6.491l.012.007.02.002.02-.007 2.054-1.5zM1.026 1l-.015.002L6.843 7.5h2.313l5.836-6.499z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-home" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m9 5-6 6v5h4v-4h4v4h4v-5zm7 6.586V16a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-5v-4H8v4H3a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-4.414a1 1 0 0 1-.707-.293l-.586-.586a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414L9 1l8.293 8.293a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-.586.586a1 1 0 0 1-.707.293M9 2.414 1.414 10l.586.586 7-7 7 7 .586-.586z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-image" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.005 0c.55 0 1.318.323 1.707.712l4.576 4.576c.393.393.712 1.168.712 1.714v8.99C17 17.1 16.105 18 15.006 18H2.994A1.994 1.994 0 0 1 1 16.005V1.995C1 .893 1.887 0 3 0zM6.508 10.175l-3.894 6.75a1 1 0 0 0 .38.075h10.603l-2.433-4.215-1.575 2.728zM15.006 17c.546 0 .994-.45.994-1.009V7.002c0-.283-.215-.803-.419-1.007L11.005 1.42c-.204-.204-.719-.419-1-.419H3c-.557 0-1 .443-1 .995v13.99l4.508-7.81 3.081 5.338 1.575-2.729L14.752 17zM12 6a2 2 0 1 1 0 4 2 2 0 0 1 0-4m0 1a1 1 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0-2"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-info" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 0a9 9 0 1 1 0 18A9 9 0 0 1 9 0m0 7H7.5l-.117.007a1 1 0 0 0-.112 1.967l.112.02L7.5 9H8v3h-.5l-.117.007a1 1 0 0 0-.857.764l-.02.112L6.5 13l.007.117a1 1 0 0 0 .764.857l.112.02L7.5 14h3l.117-.007a1 1 0 0 0 .112-1.967l-.112-.02L10.5 12H10V8l-.007-.117a1 1 0 0 0-.764-.857l-.112-.02zm0-3.25a1.25 1.25 0 1 0 0 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0-2.5"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-institution" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7 17v-2h4v2h2v-3H5v3zM4 6.998H2.474a.5.5 0 0 1-.339-.868l1.232-1.132H1V17h3v-2H1v-1h3v-1h1V8.997H4zm10 0v2h-1V13h1v1h3v1h-3v2h3V4.999h-2.37l1.232 1.132a.5.5 0 0 1-.338.868zm3-3a1 1 0 0 1 1 1V18H0V4.998a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h3.455L8.66.131a.5.5 0 0 1 .677 0l4.205 3.865zm-4 3H5v1h8zm-2 6.001h1V9h-1zm-1 0V9H8v4zm-3 0V9H6v4zm8-4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2h-2v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1m-12 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2H2v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1m5.999-7.82L3.757 5.998H14.24zM9 4.998a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2M8 16v1h2v-1z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-location" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9.395 16.269a32 32 0 0 0 2.333-2.53c1.402-1.702 2.432-3.362 2.936-4.872C14.886 8.2 15 7.574 15 7a6 6 0 0 0-6-6C5.636 1 3 3.602 3 7c0 .574.114 1.199.336 1.867.504 1.51 1.534 3.17 2.936 4.872A32 32 0 0 0 9 16.65zM9 18S2 12 2 7c0-4 3.134-7 7-7a7 7 0 0 1 7 7c0 5-7 11-7 11m0-8a3 3 0 1 1 0-6 3 3 0 0 1 0 6m0-1a2 2 0 1 0 0-4 2 2 0 0 0 0 4"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-minus" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 7h12c.552 0 1 .444 1 1 0 .552-.445 1-1 1H2c-.552 0-1-.444-1-1 0-.552.445-1 1-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-newsletter" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m9 11.848 2-1.143V9H7v1.705zm-3-1.714V8h6v2.134l3-1.714V2H3v6.42zM16 4.75l1.53.956a1 1 0 0 1 .47.848V15a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6.554a1 1 0 0 1 .47-.848L2 4.75V2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1zm0 1.18V9l-7 4-7-4V5.93l-1 .624V15a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h14a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V6.554zM6 4h6v1H6zM5 6h8v1H5z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-orcid" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 1a8 8 0 1 1 0 16A8 8 0 0 1 9 1M6.099 6.273H4.68v7.171H6.1zm4.559.025H7.665v7.146h2.91q1.152 0 2.042-.445c.89-.445 1.051-.715 1.373-1.255q.484-.81.484-1.86 0-1.028-.481-1.852a3.3 3.3 0 0 0-1.35-1.278q-.87-.456-1.985-.456m-.19 1.08q1.182 0 1.88.67t.698 1.826q0 1.114-.693 1.803t-1.839.688H9.046V7.378zM5.382 3.667a.79.79 0 0 0-.577.253.8.8 0 0 0-.25.58q0 .336.25.59a.818.818 0 0 0 1.177.004.8.8 0 0 0 .25-.593q0-.351-.25-.593c-.25-.242-.366-.241-.6-.241"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-plus" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 7h5V2c0-.552.444-1 1-1 .552 0 1 .445 1 1v5h5c.552 0 1 .444 1 1 0 .552-.445 1-1 1H9v5c0 .552-.444 1-1 1-.552 0-1-.445-1-1V9H2c-.552 0-1-.444-1-1 0-.552.445-1 1-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-print" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M16.005 5H1.995A.997.997 0 0 0 1 6v6c0 .557.443 1 .995 1H3v-3h12v3h1.005c.55 0 .995-.447.995-1V6c0-.557-.443-1-.995-1M14 4V1.998C14 1.45 13.548 1 12.991 1H5.01C4.452 1 4 1.45 4 1.998V4zm1 10v2.002A2.005 2.005 0 0 1 12.991 18H5.01A2 2 0 0 1 3 16.002V14H1.995A1.99 1.99 0 0 1 0 12V6c0-1.105.893-2 1.995-2H3V1.998C3 .894 3.902 0 5.009 0h7.982C14.101 0 15 .898 15 1.998V4h1.005C17.107 4 18 4.887 18 6v6c0 1.105-.893 2-1.995 2zm-1-3H4v5.002c0 .555.447.998 1.009.998h7.982c.557 0 1.009-.45 1.009-.998zm-9 1h8v1H5zm0 2h5v1H5zm9-5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-search" viewBox="0 0 22 22"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M21.697 20.261a1.03 1.03 0 0 1 .01 1.448 1.034 1.034 0 0 1-1.448-.01l-4.267-4.267A9.812 9.812 0 0 1 0 9.812a9.812 9.811 0 1 1 17.43 6.182zM9.812 18.222A8.41 8.41 0 1 0 9.81 1.403a8.41 8.41 0 0 0 0 16.82z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-social-facebook" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.004 20A2 2 0 0 1 4 18.006V5.994C4 4.893 4.895 4 5.994 4h12.012C19.107 4 20 4.895 20 5.994v12.012A1.99 1.99 0 0 1 17.997 20H15.04v-6.196h2.08l.31-2.415h-2.39V9.848c0-.7.194-1.176 1.196-1.176h1.28v-2.16l-.235-.025c-.344-.032-.95-.07-1.63-.07-1.843 0-3.105 1.125-3.105 3.191v1.781h-2.085v2.415h2.085V20z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-social-twitter" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M18.877 6.874a3.77 3.77 0 0 0 1.625-2.096 7.2 7.2 0 0 1-2.347.917A3.64 3.64 0 0 0 15.463 4.5c-2.04 0-3.693 1.696-3.693 3.786q0 .448.094.862C8.8 8.99 6.076 7.483 4.254 5.191c-.317.56-.5 1.211-.5 1.905 0 1.314.653 2.472 1.643 3.152a3.65 3.65 0 0 1-1.672-.473v.045c0 1.834 1.273 3.366 2.964 3.713a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-.975.133c-.236 0-.471-.023-.694-.067.471 1.507 1.832 2.604 3.45 2.633a7.3 7.3 0 0 1-4.59 1.62q-.446 0-.88-.051A10.3 10.3 0 0 0 8.661 19.5c6.793 0 10.506-5.771 10.506-10.775l-.009-.49A7.5 7.5 0 0 0 21 6.275a7.3 7.3 0 0 1-2.122.596z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-social-youtube" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m10.142 14.397-.001-5.193 4.863 2.606zm9.963-7.927c-.685-.737-1.452-.74-1.804-.783-2.519-.187-6.297-.187-6.297-.187-.008 0-3.786 0-6.305.187-.352.043-1.119.046-1.804.783-.54.56-.715 1.834-.715 1.834S3 9.8 3 11.296v1.402c0 1.496.18 2.991.18 2.991s.176 1.274.715 1.835c.685.736 1.585.713 1.985.79 1.44.142 6.12.186 6.12.186s3.782-.006 6.301-.193c.352-.043 1.119-.047 1.804-.783.539-.561.715-1.835.715-1.835s.18-1.495.18-2.991v-1.402c0-1.496-.18-2.992-.18-2.992s-.176-1.273-.715-1.834"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-subject-medicine" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.5 8H6a3 3 0 0 0-3 3v1a3 3 0 0 0 3 3h1v-2h-.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0-3H13a3 3 0 0 0 3-3V6a3 3 0 0 0-3-3h-2v2h1.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 1 0 3M7 7V6H3.5a2.5 2.5 0 0 1 0-5h1.028a3 3 0 0 1 1.342.317l1.133.567A2 2 0 0 1 11 2h2a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v1a4 4 0 0 1-4 4h-2v1h2a2 2 0 1 1 0 4h-2a2 2 0 1 1-4 0H6a4 4 0 0 1-4-4v-1a4 4 0 0 1 4-4zm0-2V2.943a2 2 0 0 1-.422-.154L5.422 2.21A2 2 0 0 0 4.528 2H3.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3zm4 1v1h1.5a.5.5 0 1 0 0-1zm-1 1V2a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v5zm-2 4v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0v-5zm3 2v2h2a1 1 0 0 0 0-2zm-4-1v-1h-.5a.5.5 0 1 0 0 1zM3.5 3h1a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-1a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-success" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 0a9 9 0 1 1 0 18A9 9 0 0 1 9 0m3.486 4.982-4.718 5.506L5.14 8.465a.99.99 0 0 0-1.423.133 1.06 1.06 0 0 0 .13 1.463l3.407 2.733a1 1 0 0 0 1.387-.133l5.385-6.334a1.06 1.06 0 0 0-.116-1.464.99.99 0 0 0-1.424.119"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-table" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M16.005 2A2 2 0 0 1 18 4.006v9.988A2 2 0 0 1 16.005 16l-4.006-.001L12 16h-1l-.001-.001h-5L6 16H5l-.001-.001L1.995 16A2 2 0 0 1 0 13.994V4.006A2 2 0 0 1 1.995 2zM4.999 7H1v6.994A1 1 0 0 0 1.995 15H5zm6 0h-5v8h5zm5.006-4h-4.006v3H17v1h-5.001v7.999l4.006.001A1 1 0 0 0 17 13.994V4.006A1 1 0 0 0 16.005 3M3.5 12a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-1a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm12 0a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-2a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm-6 0a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-2a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm-6-2a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-1a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm12 0a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-2a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm-6 0a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-2a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm-6-2a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-1a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1zm12 0a.5.5 0 1 1 0 1h-2a.5.5 0 1 1 0-1zm-6 0a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1h-2a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1zm1.499-5h-5v3h5zm-6 0H1.995A1 1 0 0 0 1 4.006V6h3.999z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-tick-circle" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 2c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10s-4.477 10-10 10S2 17.523 2 12 6.477 2 12 2m0 1a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18m4.22 5.366c.361-.437.999-.49 1.424-.119s.477 1.028.115 1.465l-6.093 6.944a1 1 0 0 1-1.405.097l-3.897-3.367c-.43-.368-.487-1.023-.13-1.464s.994-.5 1.423-.133l3.111 2.7z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-tick" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.768 9.211 3.657 6.628c-.429-.352-1.066-.295-1.423.127s-.3 1.049.13 1.4l3.915 3.24a1 1 0 0 0 1.375-.096l6.105-6.66a.984.984 0 0 0-.115-1.402 1.02 1.02 0 0 0-1.424.113z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-update" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M1 13v1a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h14a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-1h-1V3H2v10zm16-1h1v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2h1V3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h14a1 1 0 0 1 1 1zm-1 0v1h-4.586l-1 1H7.586l-1-1H2v-1h5l1 1h2l1-1zM3 4h12v7H3zm1 1v5h10V5zm1 1h4v1H5zm0 2h4v1H5z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-upload" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10.005 0c.55 0 1.318.323 1.707.712l4.576 4.576c.393.393.712 1.168.712 1.714v8.99C17 17.1 16.105 18 15.006 18H2.994A1.994 1.994 0 0 1 1 16.005V1.995C1 .893 1.887 0 3 0zm0 1H3c-.557 0-1 .443-1 .995v14.01c0 .55.445.995.994.995h12.012c.546 0 .994-.45.994-1.009V7.002c0-.283-.215-.803-.419-1.007L11.005 1.42c-.204-.204-.719-.419-1-.419M8.149 5.146a.5.5 0 0 1 .705 0l2.591 2.59c.195.196.19.516.003.704a.49.49 0 0 1-.7-.007l-1.746-1.78V12.8a.501.501 0 0 1-1 0V6.653l-1.747 1.78a.497.497 0 0 1-.7.006.5.5 0 0 1 .003-.702z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-video" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M16.005 2A2 2 0 0 1 18 4.006v9.988A2 2 0 0 1 16.005 16H1.995A2 2 0 0 1 0 13.994V4.006A2 2 0 0 1 1.995 2zm0 1H1.995A1 1 0 0 0 1 4.006v9.988A1 1 0 0 0 1.995 15h14.01A1 1 0 0 0 17 13.994V4.006A1 1 0 0 0 16.005 3m-8.31 2.25L12.3 7.99c.937.557.93 1.464 0 2.017l-4.604 2.74c-.937.557-1.696.165-1.696-.894v-5.71c0-1.05.767-1.446 1.696-.894m-.674.96v5.575c0 .3-.108.245.166.085l4.584-2.675c.305-.178.305-.216 0-.394L7.187 6.126c-.267-.156-.166-.207-.166.084"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-warning" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 11.75a1.25 1.25 0 1 1 0 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 1 0-2.5M9.413 4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1l-.003.083-.334 4A1 1 0 0 1 9.08 10h-.16a1 1 0 0 1-.996-.917l-.334-4a1 1 0 0 1 .914-1.08l.041-.002zM9 18A9 9 0 1 1 9 0a9 9 0 0 1 0 18"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-checklist-banner" viewBox="0 0 56.69 56.69"><path d="M0 0h56.69v56.69H0z" style="fill:none"/><clipPath id="b"><use xlink:href="#a" style="overflow:visible"/></clipPath><path d="M21.14 34.46c0-6.77 5.48-12.26 12.24-12.26s12.24 5.49 12.24 12.26-5.48 12.26-12.24 12.26c-6.76-.01-12.24-5.49-12.24-12.26zm19.33 10.66 10.23 9.22s1.21 1.09 2.3-.12l2.09-2.32s1.09-1.21-.12-2.3l-10.23-9.22m-19.29-5.92c0-4.38 3.55-7.94 7.93-7.94s7.93 3.55 7.93 7.94c0 4.38-3.55 7.94-7.93 7.94-4.38-.01-7.93-3.56-7.93-7.94zm17.58 12.99 4.14-4.81" style="clip-path:url(#b);fill:none;stroke:#01324b;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round"/><path d="M8.26 9.75H28.6M8.26 15.98H28.6m-20.34 6.2h12.5m14.42-5.2V4.86s0-2.93-2.93-2.93H4.13s-2.93 0-2.93 2.93v37.57s0 2.93 2.93 2.93h15.01M8.26 9.75H28.6M8.26 15.98H28.6m-20.34 6.2h12.5" style="clip-path:url(#b);fill:none;stroke:#01324b;stroke-width:2;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-chevron-down" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="m8 6.586 3.293-3.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-4 4a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-4-4a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m12.728 3.293 7.98 7.99a1 1 0 0 1 .281.561l.011.157c0 .32-.15.605-.384.788l-7.908 7.918a1 1 0 0 1-1.416-1.414L17.576 13H4a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h13.598l-6.285-6.293a1 1 0 0 1-.082-1.32l.083-.095a1 1 0 0 1 1.414.001"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-right-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="m8.707 1.293 6 6 .059.063.069.093.048.081.049.105.034.104.013.056.017.118L15 8l-.003.076-.017.122-.03.113-.032.085-.03.063-.058.098-.043.06-.043.05-6.037 6.04a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414L11.583 9H2a1 1 0 1 1 0-2h9.585L7.293 2.707a1 1 0 0 1-.083-1.32l.083-.094a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-arrow-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m3.293 11.272 7.99-7.98a1 1 0 0 1 .561-.281L12.001 3c.32 0 .605.15.788.384l7.918 7.908a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.416L13 6.424V20a1 1 0 0 1-2 0V6.402l-6.293 6.285a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.082l-.095-.083a1 1 0 0 1 .001-1.414"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-circle-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1m0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18m5.125 4.72a1 1 0 0 1 .156 1.405l-6 7.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.421.143l-3-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.28-1.536l2.217 1.846 5.362-6.703a1 1 0 0 1 1.406-.156Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-check-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1m5.125 6.72a1 1 0 0 0-1.406.155l-5.362 6.703-2.217-1.846a1 1 0 1 0-1.28 1.536l3 2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1.42-.143l6-7.5a1 1 0 0 0-.155-1.406Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-medium" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 7h5V2c0-.552.444-1 1-1 .552 0 1 .445 1 1v5h5c.552 0 1 .444 1 1 0 .552-.445 1-1 1H9v5c0 .552-.444 1-1 1-.552 0-1-.445-1-1V9H2c-.552 0-1-.444-1-1 0-.552.445-1 1-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-down-small" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M13.692 5.278a1 1 0 0 1 .03 1.414L9.103 11.51a1.49 1.49 0 0 1-2.188.019L2.278 6.692a1 1 0 0 1 1.444-1.384L8 9.771l4.278-4.463a1 1 0 0 1 1.318-.111z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-left-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.72 3.305a1 1 0 0 0-1.415-.024l-7.762 7.495A1.66 1.66 0 0 0 6 12c0 .467.198.91.522 1.204l7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 0 1.39-1.438L8.155 12l7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 0 15.8 3.4l-.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8.28 3.305a1 1 0 0 1 1.415-.024l7.762 7.495c.345.314.543.757.543 1.224s-.198.91-.522 1.204l-7.783 7.515a1 1 0 1 1-1.39-1.438L15.845 12l-7.54-7.28A1 1 0 0 1 8.2 3.4l.082-.096Z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-right-small" viewBox="0 0 10 10"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4.706 4.033 2.292 1.637A.953.953 0 0 1 2.273.283a.98.98 0 0 1 1.378 0l4.063 4.031c.381.378.381.99 0 1.367L3.651 9.712a.97.97 0 0 1-1.362.016.96.96 0 0 1 .003-1.37l2.414-2.395L5.693 5z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-chevron-up-medium" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M2 7h12c.552 0 1 .444 1 1 0 .552-.445 1-1 1H2c-.552 0-1-.444-1-1 0-.552.445-1 1-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-close-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1m0 2a9 9 0 1 0 0 18 9 9 0 0 0 0-18M8.707 7.293 12 10.585l3.293-3.292a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414L13.415 12l3.292 3.293a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414L12 13.415l-3.293 3.292a1 1 0 1 1-1.414-1.414L10.585 12 7.293 8.707a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-copy-link" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M19.46 8.57a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l.833-.833A1.946 1.946 0 0 0 17.54 3.57l-.833.833a1 1 0 0 1-1.414-1.414l.833-.833a3.946 3.946 0 1 1 5.581 5.58l-.833.834a1 1 0 0 1-1.415 0" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M18.094 5.906a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-1.666 1.667a1 1 0 1 1-1.414-1.414l1.666-1.667a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.511 6.322a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.415l-.833.833a1.946 1.946 0 1 0 2.752 2.752l.834-.833a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-.834.834a3.946 3.946 0 1 1-5.58-5.581l.833-.834a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path d="M8 20v2h11.462c.674 0 1.32-.269 1.796-.747A2.55 2.55 0 0 0 22 19.455V15a1 1 0 1 0-2 0v4.455a.55.55 0 0 1-.16.387.54.54 0 0 1-.378.158z"/><path d="M4 13H2v6.462c0 .674.269 1.32.747 1.796A2.55 2.55 0 0 0 4.545 22H9a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H4.545a.55.55 0 0 1-.387-.16.54.54 0 0 1-.158-.378zM4 13H2V4.538c0-.674.269-1.32.747-1.796A2.55 2.55 0 0 1 4.545 2H9a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H4.545a.55.55 0 0 0-.387.16.54.54 0 0 0-.158.378z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-download-medium" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.998 13a.999.999 0 1 1 0 2H3.002A1.006 1.006 0 0 1 2 14c0-.557.449-1 1.002-1zM8 1c.552 0 1 .445 1 .996v6.802l2.482-2.482c.392-.393 1.022-.401 1.403-.02a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.417l-4.177 4.178a1 1 0 0 1-1.416 0L3.115 7.713a.99.99 0 0 1-.016-1.4 1 1 0 0 1 1.42.002L7 8.798V1.996C7 1.446 7.444 1 8 1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-error-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12.002 1c.702 0 1.375.279 1.871.775l8.35 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 .001 3.744l-8.353 8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1-3.742 0l-8.353-8.353a2.646 2.646 0 0 1 0-3.744l8.353-8.353.156-.142c.424-.362.952-.58 1.507-.625zM12 14.5a1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3l.144-.007A1.5 1.5 0 0 0 12 14.5M12 6a1 1 0 0 0-1 1v5a1 1 0 0 0 2 0V7a1 1 0 0 0-1-1"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-file-report-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M14.5 1a1 1 0 0 1 .707.293l5.5 5.5A1 1 0 0 1 21 7.5v12.962c0 .674-.269 1.32-.747 1.796a2.55 2.55 0 0 1-1.798.742H5.545a2.55 2.55 0 0 1-1.798-.742A2.54 2.54 0 0 1 3 20.462V3.538A2.54 2.54 0 0 1 5.545 1zm-.415 2h-8.54A.54.54 0 0 0 5 3.538v16.924c0 .142.057.278.158.379a.55.55 0 0 0 .387.159h12.91a.55.55 0 0 0 .387-.16.54.54 0 0 0 .158-.378V7.915zM16 17a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2zm0-3a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H8a1 1 0 0 1 0-2zm-4.793-6.207L13 9.585l1.793-1.792a1 1 0 0 1 1.32-.083l.094.083a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-2.5 2.5a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0L10.5 9.915l-1.793 1.792a1 1 0 0 1-1.32.083l-.094-.083a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414l2.5-2.5a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-info-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 0a9 9 0 1 1 0 18A9 9 0 0 1 9 0m0 7H7.5l-.117.007a1 1 0 0 0-.112 1.967l.112.02L7.5 9H8v3h-.5l-.117.007a1 1 0 0 0-.857.764l-.02.112L6.5 13l.007.117a1 1 0 0 0 .764.857l.112.02L7.5 14h3l.117-.007a1 1 0 0 0 .112-1.967l-.112-.02L10.5 12H10V8l-.007-.117a1 1 0 0 0-.764-.857l-.112-.02zm0-3.25a1.25 1.25 0 1 0 0 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 0 0-2.5"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-institution-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.997 1c-.36 0-.718.09-1.036.265a1 1 0 0 0-.085.052L2.798 6.87a1.7 1.7 0 0 0-.72.897c-.13.389-.098.79.049 1.134C2.42 9.592 3.128 10 3.9 10H5v6h-.5A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2 18.5v1A2.5 2.5 0 0 0 4.5 22h15a2.5 2.5 0 0 0 2.5-2.5v-1a2.5 2.5 0 0 0-2.5-2.5H19v-6h1.092c.773 0 1.48-.407 1.775-1.1.146-.344.178-.744.048-1.133a1.7 1.7 0 0 0-.72-.897l-8.078-5.553a1 1 0 0 0-.085-.052A2.15 2.15 0 0 0 11.997 1M4.684 8l7.263-4.992a.16.16 0 0 1 .1 0L19.308 8zM17 16v-6h-2v6zm-4 0v-6h-2v6zm-4 0v-6H7v6zm-5 2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h15a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v1a.5.5 0 0 1-.5.5h-15a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-mail-medium" viewBox="0 0 22 18"><path d="M19.462 0C20.875 0 22 1.184 22 2.619v12.762C22 16.816 20.875 18 19.462 18H2.538C1.125 18 0 16.816 0 15.381V2.619C0 1.184 1.125 0 2.538 0zM20 5.158l-7.378 6.258a2.55 2.55 0 0 1-3.253-.008L2 5.16v10.222c0 .353.253.619.538.619h16.924c.285 0 .538-.266.538-.619zM19.462 2H2.538c-.264 0-.5.228-.534.542l8.65 7.334c.2.165.492.165.684.007l8.656-7.342-.001-.025c-.044-.3-.274-.516-.531-.516"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-marker-filled" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19.8 21.105c0 .661-.347 1.231-.895 1.521a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.78-.102l-5.126-3.598-5.125 3.598-.06.039a1.84 1.84 0 0 1-1.73.084 1.7 1.7 0 0 1-.984-1.542V3.578c0-1.353 1.048-2.4 2.4-2.4h10.9c1.352 0 2.4 1.047 2.4 2.4z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-marker-unfilled"><path d="M17.8 3.578c0-.248-.153-.4-.4-.4H6.5c-.248 0-.4.152-.4.4v17.046l5.325-3.737.135-.08a1 1 0 0 1 1.014.08l5.226 3.666zm2 17.527c0 .661-.347 1.231-.895 1.521a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.78-.102l-5.126-3.598-5.125 3.598-.06.039a1.84 1.84 0 0 1-1.73.084 1.7 1.7 0 0 1-.984-1.542V3.578c0-1.353 1.048-2.4 2.4-2.4h10.9c1.352 0 2.4 1.047 2.4 2.4z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-menu-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 4a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 1 1 0-2zm-4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2zm4 7a1 1 0 0 1 0 2H3a1 1 0 0 1 0-2z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-search-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 1c5.523 0 10 4.477 10 10 0 2.4-.846 4.604-2.256 6.328l3.963 3.965a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-3.965-3.963A9.96 9.96 0 0 1 11 21C5.477 21 1 16.523 1 11S5.477 1 11 1m0 2a8 8 0 1 0 0 16 8 8 0 0 0 0-16"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-user-single-medium" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 1a5 5 0 1 1 0 10 5 5 0 0 1 0-10m0 2a3 3 0 1 0 0 6 3 3 0 0 0 0-6m-.406 9.008a8.97 8.97 0 0 1 6.596 2.494A9.16 9.16 0 0 1 21 21.025V22a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H4a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-.985c.05-4.825 3.815-8.777 8.594-9.007m.39 1.992-.299.006c-3.63.175-6.518 3.127-6.678 6.775L5 21h13.998l-.009-.268a7.16 7.16 0 0 0-1.97-4.573l-.214-.213A6.97 6.97 0 0 0 11.984 14"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-eds-i-warning-filled-medium" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M9 11.75a1.25 1.25 0 1 1 0 2.5 1.25 1.25 0 0 1 0-2.5M9.413 4a1 1 0 0 1 1 1l-.003.083-.334 4A1 1 0 0 1 9.08 10h-.16a1 1 0 0 1-.996-.917l-.334-4a1 1 0 0 1 .914-1.08l.041-.002zM9 18A9 9 0 1 1 9 0a9 9 0 0 1 0 18"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-expand-image" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.498 11.918a.997.997 0 0 0-.003-1.411.995.995 0 0 0-1.412-.003l-4.102 4.102v-3.51A1 1 0 0 0 .98 10.09.99.99 0 0 0 0 11.092V17c0 .554.448 1.002 1.002 1.002h5.907c.554 0 1.002-.45 1.002-1.003 0-.539-.45-.978-1.006-.978h-3.51zm3.005-5.835a.997.997 0 0 0 .003 1.412.995.995 0 0 0 1.411.003l4.103-4.103v3.51a1 1 0 0 0 1.001 1.006A.99.99 0 0 0 18 6.91V1.002C18 .448 17.553 0 17 0h-5.907c-.554.001-1.002.45-1.002 1.003 0 .539.45.978 1.006.978h3.51z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-github" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M48.854 0C21.839 0 0 22 0 49.217c0 21.756 13.993 40.172 33.405 46.69 2.427.49 3.316-1.059 3.316-2.362 0-1.141-.08-5.052-.08-9.127-13.59 2.934-16.42-5.867-16.42-5.867-2.184-5.704-5.42-7.17-5.42-7.17-4.448-3.015.324-3.015.324-3.015 4.934.326 7.523 5.052 7.523 5.052 4.367 7.496 11.404 5.378 14.235 4.074.404-3.178 1.699-5.378 3.074-6.6-10.839-1.141-22.243-5.378-22.243-24.283 0-5.378 1.94-9.778 5.014-13.2-.485-1.222-2.184-6.275.486-13.038 0 0 4.125-1.304 13.426 5.052a47 47 0 0 1 12.214-1.63c4.125 0 8.33.571 12.213 1.63 9.302-6.356 13.427-5.052 13.427-5.052 2.67 6.763.97 11.816.485 13.038 3.155 3.422 5.015 7.822 5.015 13.2 0 18.905-11.404 23.06-22.324 24.283 1.78 1.548 3.316 4.481 3.316 9.126 0 6.6-.08 11.897-.08 13.526 0 1.304.89 2.853 3.316 2.364 19.412-6.52 33.405-24.935 33.405-46.691C97.707 22 75.788 0 48.854 0" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-orcid-logo" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12.281 10.453c.875 0 1.578-.719 1.578-1.578s-.703-1.578-1.578-1.578-1.578.703-1.578 1.578c0 .86.703 1.578 1.578 1.578m-1.203 18.641h2.406V12.359h-2.406z"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M17.016 12.36h6.5c6.187 0 8.906 4.421 8.906 8.374 0 4.297-3.36 8.375-8.875 8.375h-6.531zm6.234 14.578h-3.828V14.53h3.703c4.688 0 6.828 2.844 6.828 6.203 0 2.063-1.25 6.203-6.703 6.203Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-springer-arrow-left"><path d="M15 7a1 1 0 0 0 0-2H3.385l2.482-2.482a.994.994 0 0 0 .02-1.403 1 1 0 0 0-1.417 0L.294 5.292a1 1 0 0 0 0 1.416l4.176 4.177a.99.99 0 0 0 1.4.016 1 1 0 0 0-.003-1.42L3.385 7z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-springer-arrow-right"><path d="M1 7a1 1 0 0 1 0-2h11.615l-2.482-2.482a.994.994 0 0 1-.02-1.403 1 1 0 0 1 1.417 0l4.176 4.177a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.416l-4.176 4.177a.99.99 0 0 1-1.4.016 1 1 0 0 1 .003-1.42L12.615 7z"/></symbol><symbol id="icon-submit-open" viewBox="0 0 16 17"><path d="M12 0a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V2a1 1 0 0 0-.883-.993L12 1H6v3a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H1v8a1 1 0 0 0 .883.993L2 15h6.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V5.828a2 2 0 0 1 .586-1.414L4.414.586A2 2 0 0 1 5.828 0zm3.41 11.14c.25.25.25.66 0 .91a.636.636 0 0 1-.9-.01l-1.864-1.9.001 5.87a.64.64 0 0 1-.647.636.65.65 0 0 1-.647-.637l-.001-5.87L9.5 12.04a.627.627 0 0 1-.9.01.65.65 0 0 1 0-.91l2.942-2.951a.647.647 0 0 1 .914 0zM5 1.413 1.413 5H4a1 1 0 0 0 1-1zM11 3a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H7.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1zm0 2a.5.5 0 0 1 0 1H7.5a.5.5 0 0 1 0-1z"/></symbol></svg>
- </div>
- </footer>
-
-
- <div class="c-site-messages message u-hide u-hide-print c-site-messages--nature-briefing c-site-messages--nature-briefing-email-variant c-site-messages--nature-briefing-redesign-2020 sans-serif "
- data-component-id="nature-briefing-banner"
- data-component-expirydays="30"
- data-component-trigger-scroll-percentage="15"
- data-track="in-view"
- data-track-action="in-view"
- data-track-category="nature briefing"
- data-track-label="Briefing banner visible: Flagship">
-
- <div class="c-site-messages__banner-large">
-
- <div class="c-site-messages__close-container">
- <button class="c-site-messages__close"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-category="nature briefing"
- data-track-label="Briefing banner dismiss: Flagship">
- <svg width="25px" height="25px" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 25 25" version="1.1"
- xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
- <title>Close banner</title>
- <defs></defs>
- <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
- <rect opacity="0" x="0" y="0" width="25" height="25"></rect>
- <path d="M6.29679575,16.2772478 C5.90020818,16.6738354 5.90240728,17.3100587 6.29617427,17.7038257 C6.69268654,18.100338 7.32864195,18.0973145 7.72275218,17.7032043 L12,13.4259564 L16.2772478,17.7032043 C16.6738354,18.0997918 17.3100587,18.0975927 17.7038257,17.7038257 C18.100338,17.3073135 18.0973145,16.671358 17.7032043,16.2772478 L13.4259564,12 L17.7032043,7.72275218 C18.0997918,7.32616461 18.0975927,6.68994127 17.7038257,6.29617427 C17.3073135,5.89966201 16.671358,5.90268552 16.2772478,6.29679575 L12,10.5740436 L7.72275218,6.29679575 C7.32616461,5.90020818 6.68994127,5.90240728 6.29617427,6.29617427 C5.89966201,6.69268654 5.90268552,7.32864195 6.29679575,7.72275218 L10.5740436,12 L6.29679575,16.2772478 Z" fill="#ffffff"></path>
- </g>
- </svg>
- <span class="visually-hidden">Close</span>
- </button>
- </div>
- <div class="c-site-messages__form-container">
- <div class="grid grid-12 last">
- <div class="grid grid-4">
- <img alt="Nature Briefing" src="/static/images/logos/nature-briefing-logo-n150-white-afc2e6ccc7.svg" width="250" height="40">
- <p class="c-site-messages--nature-briefing__strapline extra-tight-line-height">Sign up for the <em>Nature Briefing</em> newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="grid grid-8 last">
- <form action="https://www.nature.com/briefing/briefing" method="post" data-location="banner" data-track="signup_nature_briefing_banner" data-track-action="transmit-form" data-track-category="nature briefing" data-track-label="Briefing banner submit: Flagship">
- <input id="briefing-banner-signup-form-input-track-originReferralPoint" type="hidden" name="track_originReferralPoint" value="MainBriefingBanner">
- <input id="briefing-banner-signup-form-input-track-formType" type="hidden" name="track_formType" value="DirectEmailBanner">
- <input type="hidden" value="false" name="gdpr_tick" id="gdpr_tick_banner">
- <input type="hidden" value="false" name="marketing" id="marketing_input_banner">
- <input type="hidden" value="false" name="marketing_tick" id="marketing_tick_banner">
- <input type="hidden" value="MainBriefingBanner" name="brieferEntryPoint" id="brieferEntryPoint_banner">
- <label class="nature-briefing-banner__email-label" for="emailAddress">Email address</label>
- <div class="nature-briefing-banner__email-wrapper">
- <input class="nature-briefing-banner__email-input box-sizing text14" type="email" id="emailAddress" name="emailAddress" value="" placeholder="e.g. jo.smith@university.ac.uk" required data-test-element="briefing-emailbanner-email-input">
-
- <input type="hidden" value="true" name="N:nature_briefing_daily" id="defaultNewsletter_banner">
- <button type="submit" class="nature-briefing-banner__submit-button box-sizing text14" data-test-element="briefing-emailbanner-signup-button">Sign up</button>
- </div>
- <div class="nature-briefing-banner__checkbox-wrapper grid grid-12 last">
- <input class="nature-briefing-banner__checkbox-checkbox" id="gdpr-briefing-banner-checkbox" type="checkbox" name="gdpr" value="true" data-test-element="briefing-emailbanner-gdpr-checkbox" required>
- <label class="nature-briefing-banner__checkbox-label box-sizing text13 sans-serif block tighten-line-height" for="gdpr-briefing-banner-checkbox">I agree my information will be processed in accordance with the <em>Nature</em> and Springer Nature Limited <a href="https://www.nature.com/info/privacy">Privacy Policy</a>.</label>
- </div>
- </form>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- <div class="c-site-messages__banner-small">
-
- <div class="c-site-messages__close-container">
- <button class="c-site-messages__close"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-category="nature briefing"
- data-track-label="Briefing banner dismiss: Flagship">
- <svg width="25px" height="25px" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 25 25" version="1.1"
- xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
- <title>Close banner</title>
- <defs></defs>
- <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
- <rect opacity="0" x="0" y="0" width="25" height="25"></rect>
- <path d="M6.29679575,16.2772478 C5.90020818,16.6738354 5.90240728,17.3100587 6.29617427,17.7038257 C6.69268654,18.100338 7.32864195,18.0973145 7.72275218,17.7032043 L12,13.4259564 L16.2772478,17.7032043 C16.6738354,18.0997918 17.3100587,18.0975927 17.7038257,17.7038257 C18.100338,17.3073135 18.0973145,16.671358 17.7032043,16.2772478 L13.4259564,12 L17.7032043,7.72275218 C18.0997918,7.32616461 18.0975927,6.68994127 17.7038257,6.29617427 C17.3073135,5.89966201 16.671358,5.90268552 16.2772478,6.29679575 L12,10.5740436 L7.72275218,6.29679575 C7.32616461,5.90020818 6.68994127,5.90240728 6.29617427,6.29617427 C5.89966201,6.69268654 5.90268552,7.32864195 6.29679575,7.72275218 L10.5740436,12 L6.29679575,16.2772478 Z" fill="#ffffff"></path>
- </g>
- </svg>
- <span class="visually-hidden">Close</span>
- </button>
- </div>
- <div class="c-site-messages__content text14">
- <span class="c-site-messages--nature-briefing__strapline strong">Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox.</span>
- <a class="nature-briefing__link text14 sans-serif"
- data-track="click"
- data-track-category="nature briefing"
- data-track-label="Small-screen banner CTA to site"
- data-test-element="briefing-banner-link"
- target="_blank"
- rel="noreferrer noopener"
- href="https://www.nature.com/briefing/signup/?brieferEntryPoint=MainBriefingBanner">Sign up for Nature Briefing
- </a>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </body>
- </html>
|